Decline in hospitalization risk and health care cost after initiation of depot antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patient flowchart.

Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics

No. of patients who initiated depot, n	147
Specific depot medication, n (%)
Risperidone long-acting	38 (25.9)
Haloperidol decanoate	69 (46.9)
Fluphenazine decanoate	40 (27.2)
Age at initiation, mean (SD)	42.6 (14.7)
Male, n (%)	79 (53.7)
Medical comorbidities, n (%)
Congestive heart failure	3 (2.0)
Chronic pulmonary disease	13 (8.8)
Mild liver disease	4 (2.7)
Diabetes	20 (13.6)
Diabetes with chronic complications	1 (0.7)
Substance use disorder, n (%)	17 (11.6)
Alcohol use, n (%)	4 (2.7)
Drug use, n (%)	14 (9.5)

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Change in hospitalization parameters in the 6 months pre- vs 6 months post-depot initiation

	Before initiation	After initiation	P-value^a
Proportion of patients hospitalized at least once for any reason, n (%)	79 (53.7)	44 (29.9)	<0.001
Proportion of patients hospitalized at least once for psychiatric reasons, n (%)	73 (49.7)	33 (22.4)	<0.001
Proportion of patients hospitalized at least once for schizophrenia, n (%)	63 (42.9)	30 (20.4)	<0.001
Inpatient psychiatric admissions, mean (SD)	0.67 (0.80)	0.31 (0.65)	<0.001
Days hospitalized for any reason, mean (SD)	8.0 (12.2)	5.3 (13.2)	0.067
Days hospitalized for psychiatric reasons, mean (SD)	7.27 (11.6)	4.73 (13.1)	0.054
Days hospitalized for schizophrenia, mean (SD)	5.7 (9.2)	4.0 (11.7)	0.190

Note:

a Paired t-test for continuous variable and McNemar’s test for categorical variable.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Change in total cost (US$) and cost component in the 6 months pre- vs 6 months post-depot initiation

Mean (SD)	Six months pre-depot initiation	Six months post-depot initiation	P-value
Total cost	$11,111.30 ($12,551.70)	$7883.80 ($9481.30)	0.003
Total inpatient cost	$6696.40 ($10,620.40)	$3593.20 ($7806.20)	0.002
Psychiatric inpatient cost	$5384.20 ($8703.40)	$2537.70 ($6678.70)	<0.001
Schizophrenia inpatient cost	$4143.30 ($7568.00)	$2377.30 ($6561.50)	0.017
Total outpatient cost	$2862.16 ($3681.64)	$2557.77 ($2919.90)	0.300
Total medication cost	$1552.82 ($2047.31)	$1732.78 ($2713.65)	0.220

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.