A cost-consequence analysis of parecoxib and opioids vs opioids alone for postoperative pain: Chinese perspective

Figures & data

Figure 1 Number of CMEs reported by patients over 3 days.

Abbreviation: CME, clinically meaningful event.

Table I Resource use and total mean cost per CME

Adverse Event		Occurring
		Alone			With one other CME	With two or more CMEs
		Mean	SD	Min-Max	Mean	Mean
Fatigue	ICU stay (day)	0.000	0.000	0.000-0.000	0.000	0.000
	General ward stay (day)	0.500	1.000	0.000-2.000	0.400	0.375
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.146	0.040	0.080-0.170	0.126	0.149
	Nurse contact (hrs)	1.083	0.690	0.330-2.000	1.017	1.177
	Total cost (¥)	622.04	1217.08	6.83-2,447.65	508.67	480.70
Drowsiness	ICU stay (day)	0.090	0.142	0.000-0.300	0.080	0.084
	General ward stay (day)	1.875	0.629	1.000-3.000	1.790	2.098
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.750	0.844	0.000-2.000	0.905	1.160
	Nurse contact (hrs)	17.833	21.917	0.000-48.000	17.742	20.032
	Total cost (¥)	2412.86	848.71	1,218.15-3,040.55	2297.69	2657.49
Inability to Concentrate	ICU stay (day)	0.000	0.000	0.000-0.000	0.000	0.000
	General ward stay (day)	0.625	0.750	0.000-1.500	0.406	0.356
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.188	0.142	0.000-0.3300	0.188	0.229
	Nurse contact (hrs)	1.333	0.816	0.3300-2.000	1.392	1.677
	Total cost (¥)	733.33	879.89	5.51-1,135.98	485.94	430.08
Confusion	ICU stay (day)	0.563	0.675	0.000-1.500	0.431	0.506
	General ward stay (day)	3.000	1.826	1.000-5.000	2.953	3.410
	Physician contact (hrs)	5.896	9.491	0.000-20.000	8.088	10.595
	Nurse contact (hrs)	29.333	33.503	0.000-72.000	30.442	35.152
	Total cost (¥)	4722.18	3250.46	1,200.83-8,963.70	4423.73	5104.12
Nausea	ICU stay (day)	0.000	0.001	0.000-0.001	0.000	0.001
	General ward stay (day)	1.500	1.000	0.000-2.000	0.990	0.960
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.188	0.042	0.000-0.170	0.150	0.174
	Nurse contact (hrs)	3.375	2.287	1.000-6.000	3.713	4.640
	Total cost (¥)	1801.95	1205.52	12.14-2,269.50	1225.29	1193.12
Dizziness	ICU stay (day)	0.250	0.500	0.000-1.000	0.375	0.500
	General ward stay (day)	1.750	0.500	1.000-2.000	1.583	1.780
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.625	0.919	0.000-2.000	0.827	1.080
	Nurse contact (hrs)	4.083	5.398	0.000-12.000	5.342	6.869
	Total cost (¥)	2566.82	1331.66	1,145.23-4,360.25	2622.63	3092.23
Constipation	ICU stay (day)	0.000	0.000	0.000-0.001	0.000	0.000
	General ward stay (day)	0.500	0.577	0.000-1.000	0.358	0.368
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.125	0.048	0.000-0.170	0.112	0.135
	Nurse contact (hrs)	1.563	1.197	0.000-3.000	1.756	2.166
	Total cost (¥)	575.38	658.80	2.86-1,153.99	414.51	426.74
Itching	ICU stay (day)	0.000	0.000	0.000-0.000	0.000	0.000
	General ward stay (day)	0.750	0.957	0.000-2.000	0.558	0.555
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.104	0.125	0.000-0.000	0.067	0.069
	Nurse contact (hrs)	0.750	0.957	0.000-2.000	0.600	0.635
	Total cost (¥)	852.40	1087.67	0.00-2,271.71	634.12	631.35
Difficulty with Urination	ICU stay (day)	0.000	0.000	0.000-0.001	0.000	0.000
	General ward stay (day)	1.375	0.946	0.000-2.000	0.921	0.904
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.167	0.068	0.000-0.250	0.135	0.159
	Nurse contact (hrs)	2.125	1.181	1.000-3.000	2.188	2.698
	Total cost (¥)	1571.61	1062.11	30.77-2,276.29	1058.13	1039.39
Vomiting	ICU stay (day)	0.075	0.150	0.000-0.300	0.113	0.150
	General ward stay (day)	1.875	0.250	1.500-2.000	1.671	1.904
	Physician contact (hrs)	0.375	0.422	0.000-1.000	0.447	0.576
	Nurse contact (hrs)	4.833	5.022	0.000-12.000	5.942	7.619
	Total cost (¥)	2588.70	828.02	1,981.15-3,812.50	2432.82	2771.85

Abbreviations: CME, clinically meaningful event; hrs, hours; ICU, intensive care unit; SD, standard deviation; ¥, Chinese yuan.

Table 2 Resource use and costs of analgesia per patient including additional impact of CMEs

Resource use items and component costs		Parecoxib and opioid	Opioid only	Difference
Resource use	ICU stay (days)	0.05	0.09	−0.04
	General ward stay (days)	0.72	1.25	−0.53
	Physician time (hours)	0.46	1.09	−0.63
	Nurse time (hours)	4.02	8.05	−4.03
	Supplemental analgesia use (mg)a	40	61	−21
Costs (¥)	Parecoxib cost	401.33	N/A	401.33
	Opioid cost	54.87	84.03	−29.17
	CME cost	962.17	1,689.97	−729.79
	Total costs	1,418.37	1,774.00	−355,63

Note:

a In morphine equivalent.

Abbreviations: CME, clinically meaningful event; ICU, intensive care unit; ¥, Chinese yuan; N/A, not applicable.

Figure 2 Tornado plot for deterministic sensitivity analysis.

Abbreviation: CME, clinically meaningful event.