Evaluating the cost and clinical effectiveness of long-acting, injectable aripiprazole and paliperidone palmitate once a month in a real-world setting

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics at start of study into cost and clinical effectiveness of LAI aripiprazole and paliperidone once a month

	Baseline characteristics
	Aripiprazole (n=30)	Paliperidone (n=84)
Gender, male n (%)	21 (70)	56 (67)
Mean age, years (SD)	39 (14.1)	41 (13.5)
Marital status, single n (%)	26 (87)	55 (65)
Ethnicity, n (%)
White	25 (83.3)	71 (84.0)
Indian	2 (6.7)	2 (2.4)
African	1 (3.3)	3 (3.6)
Afro-Caribbean	2 (6.7)	2 (2.4)
Other	0	6 (7.1)
Length of diagnosis, months (SD)	120.8 (83.6)	132.0 (69.0)
Median number of previous admissions	5	5
Treatment initiation inpatient, n (%)	21 (70)	60 (71)
Mental Health Act status, % detained	53.3	53.6
Reasons for starting LAI treatment, n (%)
Lack of effectiveness/poor adherence	25 (84)	72 (86)
Prior clozapine	1 (3.3)	7 (8.3)

Abbreviation: LAI, long-acting injectable.

Table 2 Principal outcomes seen for patients before and after initiating therapy with LAI aripiprazole or paliperidone once a month

	Before	After	P-value
Bed days, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	63.0 (54.8)	6.3 (16.9)	0.0001
Paliperidone	69.0 (80.0)	13.9 (36.0)	0.001
Admissions, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	1.64 (1.5)	0.46 (0.9)	0.0001
Paliperidone	1.33 (0.9)	0.59 (1.6)	0.001
Total HoNOS score, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	13.4 (6.4)	8.7 (5.4)	0.001
Paliperidone^a	15.8 (7.6)	12.9 (8.4)	0.02
Behavior sub-score, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	2.3 (2.0)	1.1 (1.5)	0.013
Paliperidone	3.0 (2.2)	2.2 (2.0)	0.02
Symptoms sub-score, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	4.6 (2.7)	2.6 (2.2)	0.002
Paliperidone	5.4 (2.6)	3.9 (2.6)	0.02
Impairments sub-score, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	0.8 (1.4)	0.9 (1.5)	0.839
Paliperidone	1.69 (1.8)	1.53 (1.8)	0.421
Social sub-score, mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	5.7 (3.6)	4.1 (3.9)	0.035
Paliperidone	5.5 (4.3)	4.2 (4.4)	0.03

Notes: ^aHoNOS score available for 58 patients (see “Results” section).

Abbreviations: HoNOS, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale; LAI, long-acting injectable.

Table 3 Key metabolic markers from blood tests for patients participating in study

	Cholesterol	HDL	LDL	Triglyceride	Glucose	Prolactin
Normal range	<5 mmol/L	1–1.5 mmol/L	<3 mmol/L	<1.7 mmol/L	4.4–7.8 mmol/L	Males:<425 mIU/L
						Non-gravid females: 106–850 mIU/L
Mean (SD)
Aripiprazole	4.67 (1.18)	1.28 (0.33)	2.51 (0.89)	1.76 (1.02)	5.23 (1.35)	254.90 (317.69)
Paliperidone	4.84 (1.03)	1.39 (0.47)	2.66 (0.92)	1.59 (0.92)	5.42 (1.90)	954.11 (741.52)

Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.