Moving Toward Universal Health Coverage: Four Decades Of Experience From The Iranian Health System

Figures & data

Figure 1 The structure of Iran’s health-care network.

Table 1 UHC-Related Indicators Of Iranian Health System From 1990 To 2015

Indicators	Years			References
	1990	2000	2015
Out-of-pocket as percent of current health expenditure	-	59.6	39.7	^Citation24
Out-of-pocket expenditures per capita in US$	-	47.8	145.2	^Citation25
Percent of health insurance coverage	21	85	95	^Citation26^–^Citation29
Life expectancy at birth for both gender	67.8	70	74	^Citation30
Healthy life expectancy at birth for both gender	57.4	61.8	66.5	^Citation31, ^Citation32
Under 5 mortality rates (per 1000 live births)	93.4	77.5	42.2	^Citation33
Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birth)	1.39	0.59	0.27	^Citation34
Burden of non-communicable diseases (per 100,000 population)	18,705	17,667	18,041	^Citation34
Burden of communicable diseases (per 100,000 population)	13,908	5,311	3,071	^Citation34

Abbreviation: US$, United States Dollar.

Figure 2 The challenges faced by the Iranian health system in achieving UHC.

Table 2 The Policy Recommendations To Achive Complete UHC

UHC Dimensions	Policy Recommendation	Reference
Financial Protection	Integrating the multiple health insurances	^Citation50^–^Citation53
Services Coverage	Integrating the multiple health insurances Resource allocation Reforming the referral system	^Citation50^–^Citation59
Population Coverage	Reforming the referral system Resource allocation	^Citation53^–^Citation57, ^Citation60, ^Citation61

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