Burden of Crohn’s disease: economics and quality of life aspects in Italy

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and quality of life characteristic

	Enrolment		6 months		12 months		18 months
	(n = 162)	(min–max) (SD)	(n = 154)	(min–max) (SD)	(n = 154)	(min–max) (SD)	(n = 155)	(min–max) (SD)
Males (%)	50.0%		50.6%		50.6%		51.0%
Females (%)	50.0%		49.4%		49.4%		49.0%
Mean age (ys)	43	(21–73) (13.1)	43	(21–73) (13.3)	43	(21–73) (13.3)	43	(21–73) (13.2)
18 to 34 years	27.6		27.6		27.6		27.6
35 to 44 years	39.2		39.2		39.2		39.2
45 to 64 years	51.9		51.9		51.8		51.8
≥65 anni	69.5		69.5		69.5		69.5
Age distribution (%)
18 to 34 years	46	28.4%
35 to 44 years	43	26.5%
45 to 64 years	61	37.7%
≥65 anni	12	7.4%
EuroQol score	0.558	(−0.380+1.00) (0.310)	0.682	(−0.077+1.000) (0.254)	0.728	(−0.239+1.000) (0.251)	0.739	(−0.380+1.000) (0.262)
Mean score	27.6		27.6		27.6		27.6
EuroQoL distribution (%)
<0	14	8.6%	4	2.6%	3	1.9%	4	2.5%
0 to 0.499	29	17.9%	18	11.5%	15	9.7%	14	8.9%
0.500 to 0.749	77	47.5%	65	41.7%	61	39.4%	54	34.4%
0.750 to 0.899	33	20.4%	43	27.6%	35	22.6%	36	22.9%
0.900 to 1.000	9	5.6%	26	16.7%	41	26.5%	49	31.2%

Table 2 Health care resource use per patient by observation period and type of resource used

	Enrolment		6 months		12 months		18 months
	(n = 162)	(min–max) (SD)	(n = 154)	(min–max) (SD)	(n = 154)	(min–max) (SD)	(n = 155)	(min–max) (SD)
Number of
Physician visits	5.0	(0–30) (6.24)	3.5	(0–30) (5.18)	3.1	(0–30) (4.44)	2.6	(0–25) (3.45)
Specialist visits	3.4	(0–16) (2.70)	2.2	(0–15) (2.62)	2.2	(0–15) (2.47)	2.3	(0–10) (2.24)
Diagnostic examinations	1.93	(0–12) (2.10)	0.78	(0–5) (1.10)	0.73	(0–6) (1.14)	0.68	(0–5) (1.13)
Laboratory tests	0.97	(0–1) (0.174)	0.96	(0–1) (0.194)	0.94	(0–1) (0.235)	0.99	(0–1) (0.234)
Emergency room	0.93	(0–19) (2.29)	0.11	(0–6) (0.662)	0.21	(0–8) (0.975)	0.12	(0–6) (0.693)

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Cost (Euro) per patient by observation period and type of resource used.

Table 3 Cost (Euro) per patient by observation period and type of resource used

	Enrolment		6 months		12 months		18 months		Total on 24 months
	(n = 162)	(min-max) (SD)	(n = 154)	(min-max) (SD)	(n = 154)	(min-max) (SD)	(n = 155)	(min-max) (SD)	(n = 162)
Health care direct costs	6,088.4		6,169.2		5,594.0		5,825.8		23,677.5	76.3%
Physician visits	55.9	(0–337.5) (70.3)	38.9	(0–337.8) (58.32)	34.8	(0–337.8) (50.05)	29.2	(0–281.5) (38.85)	158.8	0.5%
Specialist visits	88.6	(0–600) (82.45)	50.9	(0–441.3) (65.77)	47.7	(0–309.9) (55.05)	50.0	(0–241.3) (49.71)	237.1	0.8%
Drug treatment and drug infusion	3,875.9	(13.4–54293) (6618)	5,018.2	(0–21806) (5666)	4,772.6	(0–24182) (5555)	5,065.8	(0–42214) (6700)	18,732.4	60.3%
Diagnostic examinations	147.2	(0–1020.4) (172.36)	59.5	(0–4292) (90.87)	53.5	(0–560.9) (94.50)	57.1	(0–466.4) (100.07)	317.3	1.0%
Laboratory tests	271.7	(0–2043.3) (297.36)	181.7	(0–1365.1) (213.87)	182.5	(0–1535.7) (201.51)	176.9	(0–1269.9) (185.60)	812.8	2.6%
Emergency room	28.7	(0–588.8) (71.02)	3.4	(0–185.9) (20.53)	6.4	(0–247.9) (30.21)	3.6	(0–185.9) (21.47)	42.1	0.1%
Hospitalizations	1,620.5	(0–5220) (2475)	816.6	(0–5360) (1357)	496.5	(0–8080) (1125)	443.3	(0–12420) (1340)	3,376.9	10.9%
Non-health care costs	1,132.6		348.7		143.1		173.6		1,798.1	5.8%
Patient’s or relatives’ transport	272.0	(0–12000) (988)	131.7	(0–3500) (370)	119.2	(0–2747) (299)	133.7	(0–3159) (394)	656.6	2.1%
Home assistance by volunteers or relatives	828.4	(0–29376) (4112)	214.4	(0–19584) (1712)	23.3	(0–1632) (159)	37.9	(0–2448) (249)	1,104.0	3.6%
Home assistance by others	23.6	(0–1200) (23088)	0.6	(0–100) (64,93)	0.6	(0–100) (64,93)	1.4	(0–120) (156,4)	26.3	0.1%
Home nursing assistance by others	8.5	(0–300) (42,9)	1.9	(0–150) (17,0)	0.0	(0–0) (0)	0.6	(0–90) (7,2)	11.1	0.0%
Costs for productivity loss		2,173.0		1,455.5		1,199.1		740.2	5,567.8	17.9%
Total productivity loss	1,923.6	(0–15938) (2809)	1,284.1	(0–16818) (2728)	1,093.7	(0–16129) (2665)	646.9	(0–13530) (1504)	4,948.3	15.9%
Relatives’ time loss	249.4	(0–2804) (467)	171.4	(0–3580) (427)	105.5	(0–2058) (274)	93.3	(0–1074) (218)	619.5	2.0%
Total costs	9,394.0		7,973.5		6,936.3		6,739.6		31,043.4	100.0%

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Cost (Euro) per patient by gender and type of resource used

	Enrolment		6 months		12 months		18 months		Total on 24 months
	Females (n = 81)	Males (n = 81)	Females (n = 78)	Males (n = 76)	Females (n = 78)	Males (n = 76)	Females (n = 79)	Males (n = 76)	Females (n = 81)	Males (n = 81)
Health care direct costs	5,875.3	6,301.6	6,298.2	6,036.8	5,828.4	5,353.5	5,691.2	5,965.8	23,693.1	23,657.7
Physician visits	58.0	53.8	38.5	39.3	33.2	36.4	28.4	30.1	158.1	159.6
Specialist visits	97.3	79.8	43.7	58.2	41.5	54.0	48.2	51.9	230.7	243.9
Drug treatment and drug infusion	3,595.6	4,156.2	5,047.3	4,988.3	5,044.7	4,493.2	4,990.5	5,144.0	18,678.2	18,781.8
Diagnostic examinations	163.7	130.6	71.9	46.8	57.9	49.0	56.9	57.3	350.3	283.9
Laboratory tests	291.6	251.8	191.2	171.9	201.2	163.4	195.4	157.7	879.3	744.8
Emergency room	37.6	19.8	6.8	0.0	11.9	0.8	3.9	3.3	60.2	23.8
Hospitalizations	1,631.5	1,609.5	898.8	732.2	437.9	556.6	368.0	521.6	3,336.3	3,419.9
Non-health care costs	1,081.2	1,184.0	429.0	266.3	129.4	157.3	145.9	202.4	1,785.5	1,810.0
Patient’s or relatives’ transport	229.8	314.3	123.3	140.4	85.2	154.1	81.1	188.3	519.4	797.1
Home assistance by volunteers or relatives	794.4	862.4	300.6	126.0	42.9	3.2	63.5	11.3	1,201.4	1,002.9
Home assistance by others	47.3	0.0	1.3	0.0	1.3	0.0	1.3	1.6	51.1	1.6
Home nursing assistance by others	9.8	7.3	3.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	13.6	8.5
Costs for productivity loss	2,105.7	2,240.2	1,274.4	1,641.5	1,144.6	1,255.1	682.6	800.0	5,207.3	5,936.9
Total productivity loss	1,812.2	2,034.9	1,071.3	1,502.5	1,011.1	1,178.4	549.7	748.0	4,444.3	5,463.9
Relatives’ time loss	293.5	205.3	203.1	139.0	133.5	76.7	132.9	52.0	763.0	473.0
Total costs	9,062.1	9,725.8	8,001.7	7,944.6	7,102.4	6,765.9	6,519.7	6,968.2	30,685.9	31,404.6

Table 5 Cost (Euro) per patient by EuroQoL score and type of resource used

	Enrolment					6 months					12 months					18 months
	<0 (n = 14)	0 to 0.499 (n = 29)	0.500 to 0.749 (n = 77)	0.750 to 0.899 (n = 33)	0.900 to 1.000 (n = 9)	<0 (n = 4)	0 to 0.499 (n =18)	0.500 to 0.749 (n = 65)	0.750 to 0.899 (n = 43)	0.900 to 1.000 (n = 26)	<0 (n = 3)	0 to 0.499(n = 15)	0.500 to 0.749 (n = 61)	0.750 to 0.899(n = 35)	0.900 to 1.000 (n = 41)	<0 (n = 4)	0 to 0.499 (n = 14)	0.500 to 0.749 (n = 54)	0.750 to 0.899 (n = 36)	0.900 to 1.000 (n = 49)
Health care direct costs	6,856.9	7,130.9	6,265.0	4,611.4	5,460.4	9,417.4	8,322.9	6,875.7	4,946.4	4,587.1	6,854.0	7,151.1	6,589.6	4,555.9	4,207.5	5,222.2	7,389.1	6,139.6	5,987.3	4,988.8
Physician visits	74.0	71.4	45.9	63.8	28.8	45.0	40.0	48.7	25.7	32.5	33.8	64.6	39.1	33.5	18.1	42.2	40.2	33.2	31.9	17.5
Specialist visits	148.3	89.6	84.3	84.9	32.1	67.1	49.2	54.5	40.7	56.4	68.9	59.0	54.7	40.7	36.3	67.1	58.3	57.6	50.5	35.3
Drug treatment and drug infusion	3,962.4	4,503.3	3,963.9	2,939.4	4,793.8	9,036.9	6,648.6	5,583.3	4,220.4	3,362.8	5,562.6	6,264.6	5,518.0	3,770.3	3,804.2	4,114.4	5,395.4	5,280.9	5,505.0	4,525.1
Diagnostic examinations	178.9	171.2	139.2	156.1	29.6	69.7	57.2	71.0	42.8	60.1	128.4	135.6	62.4	32.6	21.4	83.9	103.4	73.4	41.1	33.0
Laboratory tests	418.4	323.1	245.8	218.2	258.4	152.2	147.7	195.6	177.3	180.3	253.6	223.0	195.9	208.3	117.5	163.0	227.6	182.3	184.2	147.2
Emergency room	86.3	47.0	19.7	15.0	0.0	46.5	6.9	3.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.3	10.2	7.1	0.0	46.5	17.7	0.0	3.4	0.0
Hospitalizations	1,988.6	1,925.2	1,766.1	1,133.9	317.8	0.0	1,373.3	919.2	439.5	895.0	806.7	396.0	709.3	463.4	210.0	705.0	1,546.4	512.2	171.1	230.6
Non-health care costs	3,983.6	1,373.2	920.5	404.0	185.9	4,970.6	616.5	213.2	147.0	102.8	12.7	263.0	147.3	151.9	94.6	623.9	204.6	164.9	175.9	130.3
Patient’s or relatives’ transport	1,008.5	200.2	212.1	177.7	185.9	12.1	73.3	156.9	147.0	97.0	12.7	241.2	114.5	115.7	92.2	11.9	72.4	145.9	152.1	130.3
Home assistance by volunteers or relatives	2,885.1	1,141.0	672.4	220.9	0.0	4,896.0	543.2	56.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	21.8	32.8	36.1	0.0	612.0	116.6	17.4	23.8	0.0
Home assistance by others	85.7	16.6	27.3	0.0	0.0	25.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.4	0.0	15.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
Home nursing assistance by others	4.3	15.5	8.8	5.5	0.0	37.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Costs for productivity loss	4,975.4	2,684.6	1,777.3	1,784.3	556.5	4,233.4	1,777.0	1,122.4	1,267.7	1,858.0	5,464.3	906.1	1,650.9	1,200.7	303.9	157.2	2,485.2	804.7	535.1	346.7
Total productivity loss	4,489.6	2,347.7	1,601.8	1,509.5	457.0	4,158.8	1,545.8	959.7	1,167.5	1,586.7	5,464.3	801.7	1,503.4	1,090.7	259.1	157.2	2,340.3	693.9	450.1	277.0
Relatives’ time loss	485.8	336.9	175.5	274.8	99.4	74.6	231.2	162.7	100.3	271.4	0.0	104.4	147.5	110.0	44.7	0.0	144.9	110.8	84.9	69.7
Total costs	15,816.0	11,188.8	8,962.8	6,799.7	6,202.8	18,621.4	10,716.5	8,211.3	6,361.1	6,548.0	12,330.9	8,320.1	8,387.8	5,908.4	4,606.0	6,003.4	10,079.0	7,109.2	6,698.3	5,465.8