Mothers’ Acceptance and Willingness to Pay an Out-of-Pocket Payment for Maternal and Child Nutritional Services in Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic and Economic Characteristics of Study Participants in Northwest Ethiopia, 2017 (n=545)

Variable	Category	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Age in years	≤30	178	32.66
	31–40	234	42.94
	41–50	93	17.06
	>51	40	7.34
Religion	Orthodox	522	95.8
	Muslim	17	3.1
	Protestant	6	1.1
Ethnicity	Amhara	539	98.9
	Tigray	4	0.7
	Oromo	2	0.4
Marital status	Married	505	92.7
	Single	7	1.3
	Widowed	23	4.2
	Divorced	10	1.8
Occupation	House wife	483	88.62
	Merchant	62	11.38
Educational status	Cannot read and write	415	76.1
	Read and write	113	20.7
	Primary education	5	0.9
	Secondary education	3	0.6
	College and above	9	1.7
Family size	≤5	393	72.1
	>5	152	27.9
HHs having children <5 years	No	388	71.19
	Yes	157	28.81
Age ≥65 years in the HH.	No	513	94.13
	Yes	32	5.87
Pregnant in the HH.	Yes	105	19.27
	No	440	80.73
Wealth status	Poo	182	33.39
	Medium	182	33.39
	Rich	181	33.22

Abbreviation: HH, Household.

Table 2 Knowledge and Health-Related Characteristics of Households in Northwest Ethiopia, 2017 (N = 545)

Variable	Description	Frequency (%)
Do you have information about proper nutritional practice(n=545)	Yes	543 (99.6%)
	No	2 (0.6%)
What is your source of information(n=543)	TV/Radio	449 (82.7%)
	Neighbour	350 (64.5%)
	HEW	540 (99.4%)
Awareness (n=545)	Good awareness	363 (66.6%)
	Poor awareness	182 (33.4%)
Family health status	Poor	119 (21.8)
	Medium	233 (42.8)
	Good	193 (35.4)
Perceived quality of the service	Poor	109 (20.0)
	Medium	281 (51.6)
	Good	155 (28.4)
Perceived satisfaction towards the service	Dissatisfied	40 (7.3)
	Neutral	134 (24.6)
	Satisfied	341 (68.1)

Table 3 Factors Associated with Mothers’ Willingness to Pay Out of Pocket for Maternal and Child Nutritional Services in Northwest Ethiopia, 2017

Variables	Willingness to Pay Out of Pocket		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Yes	No
Maternal knowledge
Poor	124	44	1	1
Good	360	17	7.51 (4.14,13.63)	3.14 (1.18, 7.26) *
Wealth status
Poor	150	32	1	1
Medium	161	21	1.64 (0.90, 2.96)	1.10 (0.47, 2.58)
Rich	173	8	4.61 (2.06,10.32)	0.64 (0.20, 2.03)
Household family size
≤Five	362	31	1	1
>Five	122	30	0.35 (0.20, 0.60)	0.75 (0.35,1.64)
Perceived quality of services
Low	88	34	1	1
Medium	249	17	5.66 (3.01, 10.63)	2.73 (1.28, 6.05) *
High	147	10	5.68 (2.67, 12.06)	2.43 (1.12, 5.98) *
Perceived satisfaction on nutritional services
Dissatisfied	160	42	1	1
Satisfied	324	19	4.48 (2.12,7.95)	2.13 (1.03, 4.85) *
Perceived family health status
Poor	67	40	1	1
Good	417	21	11.85 (6.59,21.34)	3.90 (1.63, 7.58) *
HH member aged 65 years & above
No	472	41	1	1
Yes	12	20	0.05 (0.02,0.11)	0.34 (0.11,1.02)
HH member aged < 5 years
No	347	41	1	1
Yes	137	20	0.81 (0.46,1.43)	1.90 (0.78,4.65)
Occupation
Housewife	433	50	1	1
Merchant	51	11	0.54 (0.26, 1.09)	0.35 (0.12,1.02)
Pregnancy in the HH.
No	386	54	1	1
Yes	98	7	1.96 (0.86, 4.44)	1.17 (0.30,4.61)

Note: *Significant at p-value<0.05.

Abbreviations: HH, Household; COR, Crude Odds Ratio; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.

Table 4 Maximum Likelihood of Tobit Econometrical Analysis of Factors Associated with MWTP for Maternal and Child Nutritional Service in Northwest Ethiopia, 2017

Parameter for MWTP	Category	Coefficients	Standard Error	t-value	p-value	Marginal Effect (dy/dx)
Age	N	−0.49	0.04	−13.14	0.000**	−0.49
Educational status (ref. unable to read and write)	D
Able to read and write		1.3	0.62	2.01	0.045*	1.2
Awareness (ref. no awareness)	D
Have awareness		7.1	0.66	10.57	0.000**	7.1
Pregnancy status (ref. not pregnant)	D
Yes, or pregnant		3.9	0.85	4.62	0.000**	−4.2
Perceived satisfaction from the service (ref. dissatisfied)	D
Satisfied		3.1	0.76	4.04	0.000**	0.30
Wealth status (ref. poor)	D
Medium		0.56	0.68	0.83	0.41
Rich		2.1	0.69	3.01	0.003	1.1
Perceived quality of service (ref. low)	D
Medium		0.19	0.62	0.31	0.755
High		0.07	0.79	0.09	0.929
Marital status (ref. other than married)	D
Married		0.93	0.78	1.68	0.150
No of under-five children (no child)	D
≥one under-five child in the family		0.46	0.57	0.13	0.900
Occupation (ref. housewife)	D
Merchant		−2.00	1.29	1.55	0.123

Notes: *Significant with p-value <0.05, **Significant with p-value <0.01.

Abbreviations: D, Dummy variable; N, numeric variable; ref, reference category.