Clinical and economic outcomes among hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome: an analysis of a national representative Medicare population

Figures & data

Figure 1 Comorbid conditions during 6 months before admission for acute coronary syndrome.

Table 1 Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics

	Incident ACS patients
Number of patients	795
Weighted number of patients	2,542,211
Age: mean (SE)	76.1 (0.4)
Male (%)	49.2
Race (%)
White	86.1
Non-white	13.8
Missing or unknown	0.1
Region (%)
Northeast	18.0
Midwest	24.6
South	42.3
West	13.0
Puerto Rico	2.1
Metropolitan area (%)	70.4
Education level (%)
Less than high school	36.3
high school or more	62.4
Unknown/missing	1.3
Marital status (%)
Married	44.5
Widowed	38.9
Other (separated/divorced/never married)	16.6
Living situation (%)
Community dwelled	93.7
Institutionalized	6.4
Employment status: currently employed (%)	8.0
Income level: <$25,000 (%)	67.2

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; SE, standard error.

Table 2 Mortality and readmission rates

Outcome evaluated	Weighted rate (95% CI)
Inpatient mortalitya	9.71% (7.91%–11.50%)
Range of 30-day mortalityb	10.96% (8.81%–13.10%) to 13.93% (11.59%–16.27%)
All-cause 30-day readmissionc	18.56% (15.39%–21.72%)
CV-related 30-day CV-readmissionc	17.90% (14.83%–20.98%)

Notes:

a Calculated based on all ACS patients (N = 795);

b calculated based on ACS patients with at least 30 days of follow-up (N = 756); since date of death was available on a monthly basis for those who died outside of the hospital, mortality rates between 30-day and 60-day were provided to give a range of 30-day mortality rate;

c ACS patients discharged alive with at least 30 days of follow-up (N = 668)

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier curve for survival probability from the time of admission of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Figure 3 Weighted incident rates of patients discharged alive.

Table 3 Annual health care costs (US$)

	Mean	Standard error
Annual total health care costs	$50,458	$1,460
Inpatient hospital	$27,609	$1039
Medical provider	$9313	$396
Short-term facility	$3188	$324
Long-term facility	$3131	$387
Outpatient hospital	$2993	$269
Prescribed medicine	$2554	$102
Home health	$1275	$132
Dental	$208	$31
Hospice	$189	$52

Table S1 Diagnosis codes used to identify outcomes

Condition	ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes
Myocardial infarction	410.xx, 410.7x, 410.0x–410.6x, 410.8x–410.9x
Ischemic stroke	433.xx, 434.xx, 436
Cardiovascular disease	410.x–414.x, 420.x–429.x, 430.x–438.x, 402.9x, 785.0, 785.1
Major bleedings	430, 431, 432.x, 852, 362.81, 363.61–363.62, 376.32, 379.23, 531.0x, 531.2x, 531.4x, 531.6x, 534.0x, 534.2x, 534.4x, 534.6x, 578, 537.83, 569.83, 596.7, 719.1x, 786.3

Abbreviation: ICD-9-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.