Medical Costs Associated with High/Moderate/Low Likelihood of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Healthcare Claims Database Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics Within 1 Year Prior of Individuals Being Categorized into Either the High-, Moderate-, or Low-Likelihood Group^a

Characteristic	Likelihood of Having AGHD (%)			Standardized Mean Difference
	High	Moderate	Low	High Versus Moderate	High Versus Low	Moderate Versus Low
Age category, years
≥18–<30	14.1	18.9	33.2	0.09	0.33	0.23
≥30–<40	16.8	24.5	21.5	0.13	0.08	−0.05
≥40–<50	25.1	32.9	21.5	0.12	−0.06	−0.18
≥50–<60	32.0	20.6	18.9	−0.18	−0.22	−0.03
≥60–<65	12.0	3.1	4.9	−0.24	−0.18	0.06
Sex
Female	60.8	71.5	50.7	0.23	−0.20	−0.44

Notes: ^aFor the low-likelihood group, data are based on the first year of observation after the subject turned 18 years of age.

Abbreviations: %, percentage of people from the study cohort; AGHD, adult growth hormone deficiency.

Table 2 Comorbidity Risk Scores Within 1 Year Prior to Individuals Being Categorized into Either the High-, Moderate-, or Low-Likelihood Group

Characteristic	Likelihood of Having AGHD			Standardized Mean Difference
	High	Moderate	Low	High Versus Moderate	High Versus Low	Moderate Versus Low
CCI
Mean ± SD	1.4 ± 2.5	0.4 ± 1.3	0.2 ± 1.3	−0.37	−0.41	−0.06
Range	0.0–26.0	0.0–20.0	0.0–26.0	−	−	−
CHA2DS2-VASc
Mean ± SD	1.2 ± 1.0	1.0 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.7	−0.17	−0.36	−0.23
Range	0.0–8.0	0.0–8.0	0.0–8.0	−	−	−
DCSI
Mean	0.7 ± 2.1	0.3 ± 1.9	0.2 ± 1.8	−0.16	−0.19	−0.03
Range	0.0–13.0	0.0–13.0	0.0–13.0	−	−	−

Abbreviations: AGHD, adult growth hormone deficiency; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CHA₂DS₂VASc, score for atrial fibrillation stroke risk; DSCI, Diabetes Complications Severity Index; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Mean monthly direct medical costs for people in the groups identified as having a high, moderate, or low likelihood of AGHD. Data are presented as the average cost over the analysis period in USD ($) per patient per month for each level of likelihood as follows: (a) Total medical costs, (b) Inpatient and outpatient costs, (c) Medications, and (d) Costs per healthcare element expressed as a percentage of the total direct medical costs (error bars/values in parentheses indicate 95% confidence intervals).

Abbreviation: AGHD, adult growth hormone deficiency.

Figure 2 Annual mean cost trajectory for each level of likelihood of AGHD. Data per year are presented for high- and moderate-likelihood groups for the period of 10 years before (−10 years) and after (+10 years) year 0, and for the low-likelihood group over 10 years from the index date for (a) Total direct medical costs in the previous year, (b) Inpatient and outpatient visit costs in the previous year, and (c) Medication-related costs in the previous year.

Abbreviation: AGHD, adult growth hormone deficiency.

Figure 3 Cost and health visits over time by level of AGHD likelihood. Data per year are presented for high- and moderate-likelihood groups for the period of 10 years before (−10 years) and after (+10 years) year 0, and for the low-likelihood group over 10 years from the index date for (a) The percentage of each likelihood group having a visit at some time in the previous year, (b) The average number of visits per patient in the previous year in each likelihood group and (c) The cost (USD, $) of each visit per patient per year.

Abbreviation: AGHD, adult growth hormone deficiency.