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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Initiation and Discontinuation of Antiarrhythmic Medications in Management of Atrial Fibrillation

, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 197-208 | Received 01 Feb 2024, Accepted 19 Mar 2024, Published online: 27 Mar 2024

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Patients with Newly Diagnosed AF

Table 2 Rate of Antiarrhythmic Drug Initiation Stratified by Race and Ethnicity

Figure 1 Adjusted odds ratios for AAD initiation within 90 days of AF diagnosis. Model adjusted for all covariates in the figure. Compared to patients identified as NHW, patients identified as NHB were significantly less likely to initiate an AAD within 90 days of newly diagnosed AF. Younger patients and patients with higher income were more likely to initiate AAD following newly diagnosed AF.

Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; AF, atrial fibrillation; NHB, Non-Hispanic Black; NHW, Non-Hispanic White.
Figure 1 Adjusted odds ratios for AAD initiation within 90 days of AF diagnosis. Model adjusted for all covariates in the figure. Compared to patients identified as NHW, patients identified as NHB were significantly less likely to initiate an AAD within 90 days of newly diagnosed AF. Younger patients and patients with higher income were more likely to initiate AAD following newly diagnosed AF.

Figure 2 Cumulative incidence of AF related and cardiovascular disease related hospitalization following initiation of AAD. Following initiation of AAD, patients identified as NHB were significantly more likely to have an AF related hospitalization (A) and cardiovascular disease related hospitalization (B) within two years of AAD initiation.

Abbreviations: AAD, Antiarrhythmic drug; NHB, Non-Hispanic Black; NHW, Non-Hispanic White.
Figure 2 Cumulative incidence of AF related and cardiovascular disease related hospitalization following initiation of AAD. Following initiation of AAD, patients identified as NHB were significantly more likely to have an AF related hospitalization (A) and cardiovascular disease related hospitalization (B) within two years of AAD initiation.

Figure 3 Rate of AAD switch or catheter ablation within two years of antiarrhythmic drug initiation for patients with newly diagnosed AF. Following initiation of AAD for newly diagnosed AF, patients identified as NHB were least likely to switch to a new AAD (p<0.01) and least likely to receive CA (p<0.01); while patients identified as NHW were most likely.

Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; CA, catheter ablation; NHB, Non-Hispanic Black; NHW, Non-Hispanic White.
Figure 3 Rate of AAD switch or catheter ablation within two years of antiarrhythmic drug initiation for patients with newly diagnosed AF. Following initiation of AAD for newly diagnosed AF, patients identified as NHB were least likely to switch to a new AAD (p<0.01) and least likely to receive CA (p<0.01); while patients identified as NHW were most likely.

Figure 4 Adjusted hazard ratios for AAD discontinuation within two years of AAD initiation in patients with newly diagnosed AF. Compared to patients identified as NHW, patients identified as Hispanic and Asian were significantly more likely to discontinue AAD within two years of AAD initiation. There was no difference in the rate of AAD discontinuation between patients identified as NHW and NHB, or between patients identified as NHW and Other. The model adjusted for the same covariates in .

Abbreviations: AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; NHB, Non-Hispanic Black; NHW, Non-Hispanic White.
Figure 4 Adjusted hazard ratios for AAD discontinuation within two years of AAD initiation in patients with newly diagnosed AF. Compared to patients identified as NHW, patients identified as Hispanic and Asian were significantly more likely to discontinue AAD within two years of AAD initiation. There was no difference in the rate of AAD discontinuation between patients identified as NHW and NHB, or between patients identified as NHW and Other. The model adjusted for the same covariates in Figure 1.