Impact of noncommunicable diseases in the State of Qatar

Figures & data

Figure 1 Top ten causes of death in the world in 2012.

Note: Reprinted from World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of Death. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.html. Accessed October 20, 2014.⁴
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.

Figure 2 Ten leading causes of death in high income countries in 2012.

Note: Reprinted from World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of Death. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.html. Accessed October 20, 2014.⁴
Abbreviations: COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.

Figure 3 Death rate by 100,000 population for the most common diseases leading to death in Qatar in 2010.¹⁰

Note: Reproduced with permission from World Health Organization. Qatar STEPS Survey. 2012 Fact Sheet. Available from: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/Qatar_FactSheet_2012.pdf. Accessed December 24, 2014.¹¹

Figure 4 Direct and indirect costs of the five most prevalent noncommunicable diseases (in 2013 $US billion).

Note: Reproduced with permission from Chahine G, Bitar J, Assouad P, Abi Chaker S. The $68 billion challenge, quantifying and tackling the burden of chronic diseases in the GCC. Booz & Co; 2013. Available from: http://www.booz.com/me/home/thought_leadership_strategy/reports_and_white_papers_me/display/the-68-billion-dollar-challenge?cm_mid=3108890&cm_crmid={95462fe6-3e45-475a-bb64-5f541513f176}&cm_medium=email. Accessed March 24, 2014.¹⁰

Figure 5 Visits and admissions for noncommunicable diseases in 2013–2022.

Note: Reproduced with permission from Chahine G, Bitar J, Assouad P, Abi Chaker S. The $68 billion challenge, quantifying and tackling the burden of chronic diseases in the GCC. Booz & Co; 2013. Available from: http://www.booz.com/me/home/thought_leadership_strategy/reports_and_white_papers_me/display/the-68-billion-dollar-challenge?cm_mid=3108890&cm_crmid={95462fe6-3e45-475a-bb64-5f541513f176}&cm_medium=email. Accessed March 24, 2014.¹⁰

Table 1 Three separate methods were employed to calculate the burden of direct and indirect

*Cost-of-illness approach	EPIC approach	**VSL approach
Estimates of direct and indirect costs of ill health for five distinct disease categories are: Cancer: an estimated US$ 290 billion in 2010 rising to US$ 458 billion in 2030. Cardiovascular disease: an estimated US$ 863 billion in 2010 rising to US$ 1.04 trillion in 2030. COPD: an estimated US$ 2.1 trillion in 2010 US$ rising to US$ 4.8 trillion in 2030. Diabetes: an estimated nearly US$ 500 billion in 2010 rising to at least US$ 745 billion in 2030. Mental illness: an estimated US$ 2.5 trillion in 2010 rising to US$ 6.0 trillion by 2030.	Lost output from all five conditions (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental health) over the period 2011–2030 is estimated at approximately US$ 47 trillion.	Economic burden of life lost due to all NCDs ranges from US$ 22.8 trillion in 2010 to US$ 43.3 trillion in 2030.

Notes:

* The cost as the sum of direct and indirect costs (including personal medical; non-medical costs, and income losses);

** Value of statistical life (VSL) approach (reflects a population’s willingness to pay to reduce the risk of disability or death associated). Reproduced with permission from Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum.⁶

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCDs, noncommunicable diseases; VSL, value of statistical life; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Table 3 Noncommunicable disease mortality and DALY criteria

Diseases	*Mortality rate	**DALY
	Regional	Regional
Cardiovascular diseases (IHD and stroke)	1	1
Cancer (lung, including tracheal and bronchial)	2	3
Respiratory diseases (COPD)	3	4
Mental and behavioral disorders	–	2
Diabetes	5	5

Notes: Table represents the ranking of these diseases in the order they appear regionally;

* Death rate per 100,000 population;

** Disability Adjusted Life Years, the sum of years of potential life lost due to premature mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DALY, disability-adjusted life years; IHD, ischemic heart disease.

Table 4 Regional ranking of noncommunicable diseases according to economic burden criteria

Diseases	Cost of illness		Anticipated economic burden based on EPIC# approach 2011–2030	Output losses using VSL approach (2010 and 2030)
	Direct cost	Indirect cost
Cardiovascular diseases (IHD and stroke)	1	2	2	2
Cancer (lung, including tracheal and bronchial)	5	1	3	3
Respiratory diseases (COPD)	4	4	4	4
Mental and behavioral disorders	3	3	1	1
Diabetes	2	5	5	5

Note: Table represents the ranking of these diseases in the order they appear regionally.

# Lost output from all five conditions (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and mental health) over the period 2011-2030 is estimated at approximately US$ 47 trillion. Reproduced with permission from Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum.⁶

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; VSL, value of statistical life; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Figure 6 Top drivers of lost output. Breakdown of costs of noncommunicable diseases by disease type based on the EPIC model.

Note: Reproduced with permission from Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum.⁶
Abbreviation: EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Table 2 Economic burden of noncommunicable diseases for 2011–2013 (trillions of US$), based on the EPIC# model

Country income group	Diabetes	Cardiovascular diseases	Chronic respiratory diseases	Cancer	Mental illness*	Total
High	0.9	8.5	1.6	5.4	9.0	25.5
Upper-middle	0.6	4.8	2.2	2.3	5.1	14.9
Lower-middle	0.2	2.0	0.9	0.5	1.9	5.5
Low	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.9
LIMIC	0.8	7.1	3.2	2.9	7.3	21.3
World	1.7	15.6	4.8	8.3	16.3	46.7

Notes:

* Numbers for mental illness were obtained by relating the economic burden of all other diseases to their associated number of disability-adjusted life years; the burden for mental illness was then projected using the relative size of the corresponding disability-adjusted life year numbers to all other conditions.

# Lost output from all five conditions (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and mental health) over the period 2011–2030 is estimated at approximately US$ 47 trillion. Reproduced with permission from Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum.⁶

Abbreviations: LIMIC, less indebted middle income countries; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Table 5 Summary of high-impact disease in the Gulf region

Diseases	Mortality rate*	DALY**	Comparative Lost Output***
	Regional	Regional	Globally
Cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease & stroke)	1	1	33%
Cancer (Lung cancers including trachea and bronchus cancers)	2	3	18%
Respiratory diseases (COPD)	3	4	10%
Mental and behavior disorders	–	2	35%
Diabetes	5	5	6%

Notes: Table represents the ranking of these diseases in the order they appear regionally.

* Death rate per 100 000 population.

** The sum of years of potential life lost due to premature mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability.

*** Quantifies global economic losses from NCDs by relating projected NCD mortality rates in a population to current and future economic output at the national level.

Abbreviations: DALY, disability-adjusted life years; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCDs, noncommunicable diseases.

World Health OrganizationThe top 10 causes of Death Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.htmlAccessed October 20, 2014

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