Chest pain after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart for study eligibility.

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPCP, post-PCI chest pain; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; MI, myocardial infarction.

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics in the PPCP versus non-PPCP groups

	Non-PPCP	PPCP	P-value
Number of patients	97	70
Age, years	68±1	71±1	0.168
Male, n (%)	61 (62.9)	40 (57.1)	0.522
Risk factors
Family history of CAD, n (%)	34 (35.1)	21 (30.0)	0.510
Smoking, n (%)	51 (52.6)	31 (44.3)	0.347
Hypertension, n (%)	74 (76.3)	58 (82.9)	0.340
Diabetes, n (%)	31 (32.0)	28 (40.0)	0.326
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	73 (75.3)	47 (67.1)	0.296
Obesity, n (%)	33 (34.0)	23 (32.9)	1.000
Previous history of PCI, n (%)	15 (15.5)	12 (17.1)	0.833
Previous history of CABG, n (%)	4 (4.1)	2 (2.9)	0.707
Medications
ACE inhibitors, n (%)	37 (38.1)	35 (50.0)	0.155
β-Blockers, n (%)	39 (40.2)	24 (34.3)	0.518
CCB, n (%)	25 (25.8)	23 (32.9)	0.387
Statins, n(%)	49 (50.5)	38 (54.3)	0.641
SBP, mmHg	138±2	138±2	0.979
DBP, mmHg	80±1	80±2	0.944
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	172.1±4.7	168.5±5.0	0.512
Triglyceride, mg/dL	149.8±9.1	150.3±13.0	0.973
LDL, mg/dL	118.3±3.5	121.4±4.0	0.560
HDL, mg/dL	44.4±1.1	44.3±1.5	0.977
HbA1C, mmol/L	6.6±0.1	6.5±0.1	0.593
Pre-PCI cTnI, µg/L	0.02±0.00	0.05±0.01	0.040

Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise.

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPCP, post-PCI chest pain; CAD, coronary artery disease; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CCB, calcium channel blocker; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; HbA_1C, glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2 PCI and short-term characteristics in the PPCP versus non-PPCP groups

	Non-PPCP (n=97)	PPCP (n=70)	P-value
Intervention vessels, n (%)			0.038
1	67 (69.1)	41 (58.6)	–
2	29 (29.9)	23 (32.9)	–
3	1 (1.0)	6 (8.5)	0.020
Stent placement, n (%)			0.125
None	19 (19.6)	8 (11.4)	–
Bare-metal stent	46 (47.4)	35 (50.0)	0.756
Drug-eluting stent	32 (33.0)	27 (38.6)	0.513
Number of stent placement	1.2±0.1	1.5±0.1	0.007
Post-PCI ECG changes, n(%)			<0.0001
Improved	44 (45.4)	30 (42.9)	0.748
Unchanged	53 (54.6)	20 (28.6)	0.0008
New Q-waves, ST-segment shifts, or T-waves inversion	0	20 (28.6)	<0.0001
Post-TnI, µg/L	0.08±0.00	1.51±0.64	0.007
Number of patients with post-PCI cTnI elevation, n (%)	0	31 (44.3)	<0.0001
Number of patients with post-PCI MI, n (%)	0	2 (2.9)	0.174
Number of patients with repeat revascularization after PCI, n (%)	9 (9.3)	15 (21.4)	0.043
Death, n (%)	1 (1.0)	4 (5.7)	0.162

Notes: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. “–” indicates not applicable.

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPCP, post PCI chest pain; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; MI, myocardial infarction; ECG, electrocardiogram.

Figure 2 The proportion of patients with or without cTnI elevation and/or abnormal post-PCI ECG in 70 PPCP patients.

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPCP, post-PCI chest pain; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; ECG, electrocardiogram.

Table 3 Predictors of post-PCI chest pain in patients with stable angina

Predictors	Correlation coefficient	P-value
Abnormal changes in post-PCI	0.620	<0.0001
cTnI level
Post-PCI ECG	0.567	<0.0001
cTnI elevation	0.561	<0.0001
Number of stent placement	0.268	0.009
Pre-PCI cTnI level	0.153	0.049

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; ECG, electrocardiogram.

Table 4 Factors associated with post-PCI chest pain by logistic regression analysis

	Wald	P-value	95% CI (lower–upper)
Abnormal changes in post-PCI ECG	41.25	<0.0001	3.48–10.23
TnI elevation	23.09	<0.0001	0.54–1.28
Post-PCI cTnI level	6.42	<0.0001	1.57–46.33
Number of stent placement	3.74	0.048	0.93–2.44

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; CI, confidence interval; ECG, electrocardiogram.