Surveying the effects of an exercise program on the sleep quality of elderly males

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic information

Education	Experiment N=23	Control N=23	Statistical tests
Barely literate	3 (13)	4 (17.4)	χ^2=95.2
Elementary school	2 (8.77)	3 (13)	df=6
Preliminary high school	1 (4.3)	3 (13)	P=0.88
High school diploma	9 (39.1)	8 (34.8)
Associates’ degree	5 (21.7)	2 (8.7)
Bachelors’ degree	3 (13)	3 (13)
Income	Experiment N=23	Control N=23
Adequate revenue	11 (41.8)	11 (47.8)	χ^2=3.20
Revenue more than needed	0 (0)	1 (4.3)	df=2 P=0.65
Inadequate revenue	12 (52.2)	11 (47.8)
Age (years), mean ± SD	67.49±4.28	66.82±3.84	P=0.56

Note: Data presented as n (%) unless stated otherwise.

Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Mean score of the elements of Petersburg Sleep Quality Index before and after intervention

Sleep indexes	Experiment			Control			Mann–Whitney
	Mean (SD) pretest	Mean (SD) posttest	Wilcoxon P-value	Mean (SD) pretest	Mean (SD) posttest	Wilcoxon P-value
Quality of mental sleep	1 (0.67)	0.60 (0.58)	0.01	0.91 (0.51)	0.73 (0.54)	0.10	P pretest =0.78 P posttest =0.03 z=−2.28
Delay in going to sleep	1.39 (1.07)	0.47 (0.89)	0.001	0.95 (1.06)	0.96 (1.06)	0.10	P pretest =0.16 P posttest =0.001 z=−3.01
Term of sleep	1.52 (1.03)	0.78 (0.90)	0.004	0.82 (0.98)	0.91 (0.99)	0.71	P pretest =0.85 P posttest =0.006 z=−2.36
Quality of sleep	1.04 (1.33)	0.60 (0.98)	0.09	0.56 (1.03)	0.49 (0.78)	0.49	P pretest =0.56 P posttest =0.001 z=−2.24
Sleep disruption	1.17 (0.38)	0.78 (0.51)	0.007	1.04 (0.20)	0.97 (0.41)	0.18	P pretest =0.36 P posttest =0.009 z=−2.96
Using sleep medicine	1.13 (1.42)	0.73 (1.28)	0.09	1.08 (1.45)	1.18 (1.28)	0.73	P pretest =0.77 P posttest =0.043 z=−2.39
Problems in doing daily tasks	0.34 (0.48)	0.13 (0.34)	0.02	0.30 (0.63)	0.26 (0.54)	0.14	P pretest =0.28 P posttest =0.01 z=−2.32
Total score	7.59 (0.68)	4.09 (3.57)	0.001	5.66 (3.08)	5.5 (0.51)	0.14	P pretest =0.91 P posttest =0.004 z=−4.87

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.