European Society for Swallowing Disorders – European Union Geriatric Medicine Society white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1 Prevalence of dysphagia in different phenotypes of patients or diseases

Phenotype	Target population	Evaluation method	Prevalence	References
Older patients	Independently living older people	Screening (questionnaires)	11.4%–33.7%	Holland et al^Citation57
				Roy et al^Citation58
				Bloem et al^Citation59
				Kawashima et al^Citation60
				Yang et al^Citation39
				Barczi and Robbins^Citation40
		Clinical exploration (V-VST)	23%	Serra-Prat et al^Citation17
	Hospitalized AGU	Not specified/water swallow test/V-VST	29.4%–47%	Lee et al^Citation61 Cabre et al^Citation24
	Hospitalized with CAP	Water swallow test/V-VST	55%–91.7%	Cabre et al^Citation16
				Almirall et al^Citation62
	Hospitalized with CAP	Instrumental exploration	75%	Almirall et al^Citation62
	Institutionalized	Screening (questionnaires)	40%	Nogueira and Reis^Citation63
		Water swallow test	38%
		Screening + clinical exploration	51%	Lin et al^Citation13
NDDs	Parkinson’s disease	Reported by patients	35%	Kalf et al^Citation51
		Objective exploration	82%
	Alzheimer’s disease	Instrumental exploration	57%–84%	Langmore et al^Citation64
				Horner et al^Citation44
	Dementia	Reported by caregivers	19%–30%	Langmore et al^Citation64
				Ikeda et al^Citation47
		Instrumental exploration	57%–84%	Suh et al^Citation65
				Langmore et al^Citation64
				Horner et al^Citation44
	Multiple sclerosis	Screening (questionnaires)	24%	De Pauw et al^Citation66
		Instrumental exploration	34.3%	Calcagno et al^Citation67
	ALS	Clinical and instrumental explorations	47%–86%	Chen and Garrett^Citation68 Ruoppolo et al^Citation69
Stroke	Acute phase	Screening (questionnaires)	37%–45%	Martino et al^Citation54
		Clinical exploration	51%–55%
		Instrumental exploration	64%–78%
	Chronic phase	Clinical exploration	25%–45%
		Instrumental exploration	40%–81%

Note: Copyright © 2015. Nature Reviews. Adapted from Clave P, Shaker R. Dysphagia: current reality and scope of the problem. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 12(5):259–270.⁵⁶

Abbreviations: V-VST, volume-viscosity swallowing test; AGU, acute geriatric unit; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; NDDs, neurodegenerative diseases; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

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