Nutritional intervention in cognitively impaired geriatric trauma patients: a feasibility study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline data

ID	Age (years)	Sex	ASA	MMSE	BMI (kg/m^2)	CC (cm)	MNA	NRS 2002	BI-A
1	89	F	4	9	20.8	32	12	3	35
2	78	F	3	10	26.3	33.5	16	3	40
3	82	M	3	20	29.9	36	17	3	70
4	82	M	3	0	20.3	28	6.5	3	20
5	77	F	3	10	23.4	25	7.5	3	40
6	80	F	3	7	24	29	14	2	35
7	90	F	4	24	18	20	10	3	55
8	91	F	4	20	12.9	18	13 5		60
9	87	M	3	15	25.1	–	14.5	3	85
10	87	F	3	3	27.3	31	10.5	3	50
11	75	F	3	15	15.5	19	10	5	40
12	82	M	3	5	–	28	24.5	2	80
13	73	M	4	4	22.9	34	13	2	20
14	88	M	3	2	27	31	16.5 3		35
15	86	F	2	9	26.3	31	18.5	2	25
16	89	F	3	1	25	–	16	3	40
17	85	M	3	0	22.5	30	12	1	55
18	74	F	3	10	18.3	29	11	3	65
19	89	M	3	21	26.5	34.5	23.5	2	95
20	81	M	3	16	22.5	29	18.5	3	35

Notes: Gray-shaded fields highlight patients who did not survive in patient stay. “–” Indicates missing value.

Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; BMI, body mass index; CC, calf circumference; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; NRS 2002, Nutritional Risk Score; BI-A, Barthel Index at admission; F, female; M, male.

Table 2 Analytical separation of complications

Complication	Number of patients
Pleural effusion	2a
Urinary tract infection	5
NSTEMI	1
Pneumonia	2a
Pneumothorax	1
Clostridium difficile infection	1
Anemia	2
Death	2

Note:

a Same patient.

Abbreviation: NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Table 3 Analytical data of serological parameters

Albumin (mg/dL)	Median	Range	PCHE (U/L)	Median	Range	Triglycerides (mmol/L)	Median	Range
Admission	34	18–41	Admission	4,965	2,020–7,991	Admission	77	42–251
Day 2	28	20–35	Day 2	–	–	Day 2	73	28–436a
Day 3	26	22–32	Day 3	–	–	Day 3	82	40–381a
Day 4	26	22–32	Day 4	–	–	Day 4	78	42–187
Discharge	29	29–31	Discharge	4,065	1,910–5,945	Discharge	106	54–186

Notes: PCHE was measured only at admission and discharge.

a Both amounts were measured in the same patient. “–” Indicates no planned blood analysis.

Abbreviation: PCHE, pseudocholinesterase.

Figure 1 (A) Median albumin levels at admission; at days 2, 3, and 4 of nutritional supplementation; and at discharge. (B) Median PCHE = PCHE at admission and discharge.

Notes: Data are given as median and quartiles. *P≤0.05.
Abbreviation: PCHE, pseudocholinesterase.

Table 4 Outcome scores

Test	Item	Results
TUG test	Possible	1 patient –7 seconds
	Not possible	19
Mobilization	0. No mobilization	2
	1. Sitting	3
	2. Standing	7
	3. Walking	7
	4. Climbing stairs	1
NMS, median/range		0.5 (0–5)
BS	≥10 points	2
	6–9 points	18

Abbreviations: TUG, Timed Up and Go; NMS, new mobility score for in-hospital outcome; BS, Braden Scale.