Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: update 2016

Figures & data

Table 1 Incidence of PCME in different cataract extraction techniques in uncomplicated cataract operations

Cataract extraction technique	Incidence of clinically significant PCME	Incidence of PCME defined by FA	Incidence of PCME defined by OCT
Intracapsular cataract extraction	8%^Citation1	36%–60%^Citation5	Not available
Extracapsular cataract extraction	0.8%–20%^Citation2	16%–32.2%^Citation6,Citation7	Not available
Phacoemulsification	0.1%–2.35%^Citation3	20%–54.7%^Citation8,Citation9	3%–41%^Citation10,Citation11
Femtosecond-assisted cataract surgery	1.18%^Citation4		1.18%^Citation4

Abbreviations: PCME, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema; FA, fluorescein angiography; OCT, optical coherent tomography.

Figure 1 OCT 5 weeks after cataract surgery.

Note: Visual acuity =0.4.

Abbreviation: OCT, optical coherent tomography.

Figure 2 OCT 6 weeks after cataract surgery.

Abbreviation: OCT, optical coherent tomography.

Figure 3 OCT 3 months after cataract surgery.

Note: Visual acuity =1.0.
Abbreviation: OCT, optical coherent tomography.

Table 2 Factors associated with an increased risk of PCME

Systemic conditions	Ocular conditions	Surgery associated
Age (elderly, children) Arteriosclerotic vascular disease, including hypertension and diabetes	Ocular inflammatory diseases Retinal vascular diseases Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy Choroidal neovascularization Drug reactions, including topical epinephrine and epinephrine-like drugs, prostaglandin analogs, and high oral doses of nicotinic acid Retinal dystrophies, including retinitis pigmentosa and Goldmann–Favre syndrome Tractional maculopathies, including idiopathic epiretinal membranes Retinal detachment and retinal detachment surgery Intraocular tumors Optic nerve head abnormalities, including optic pit, optic nerve coloboma (typical and atypical), and morning glory disc anomaly Penetrating keratoplasty Vitreous surgery Laser surgery Cryotherapy and segmental buckling of retinal tears without detachments	Additional trauma during surgery, especially to the iris Posterior capsule rupture Vitreous loss, vitreous traction High phaco energy Long duration of the surgery

Abbreviation: PCME, pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

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