Carers’ education improves oral health of older people suffering from dementia – results of an intervention study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Participants’ flowchart (modified according to CONSORT guidelines).

Abbreviation: MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination.

Table 1 Target variables for participants with and without dementia in the intervention and control groups at baseline and follow-up after 6 months

Variable	Baseline		Follow-up
	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
PCR, mean (SD)	85.7 (18.0)a	85.0 (21.9)	70.1 (26.1)a	87.9 (15.8)
Dementia	89.8 (11.9)b	84.1 (23.7)	77.0 (24.6)b	89.1 (14.7)
Non-dementia	81.6 (21.9)c	87.3 (17.3)	63.2 (26.1)c	83.9 (19.6)
GBI, mean (SD)	49.3 (26.6)	55.8 (30.4)	40.2 (29.3)	51.3 (28.3)
Dementia	51.2 (25.5)	57.0 (30.0)	44.6 (30.1)	51.5 (28.1)
Non-dementia	47.4 (27.9)	52.8 (32.2)	35.8 (28.2)	50.4 (30.7)
DHI, mean (SD)	84.5 (15.4)a	82.5 (15.5)	57.8 (27.9)a	77.6 (22.6)
Dementia	86.3 (15.6)a	84.3 (13.6)	52.6 (30.3)a	79.2 (21.9)
Non-dementia	82.2 (15.0)a	76.3 (20.4)	63.4 (24.2)a	70.6 (25.8)
CPITN, mean (SD)	3.0 (0.7)	2.8 (0.7)	2.9 (0.6)	2.8 (0.8)
Dementia	3.3 (0.6)	2.8 (0.8)	3.1 (0.6)	2.8 (0.9)
Non-dementia	2.8 (0.6)	2.7 (0.6)	2.8 (0.6)	2.7 (0.7)
Number of teeth, mean (SD)	7.4 (8.6)	6.4 (8.1)	7.0 (8.6)	5.8 (8.1)
Dementia	6.3 (8.0)	6.2 (8.5)	6.2 (7.9)	5.9 (7.9)
Non-dementia	8.9 (9.1)	7.1 (7.1)a	8.1 (8.4)	5.3 (6.8)a

Notes: Unpaired t-test:

a P<0.001,

b P=0.002,

c P=0.001.

Abbreviations: PCR, Plaque Control Record; GBI, Gingival Bleeding Index; CPITN, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs; DHI, Denture Hygiene Index.

Table 2 Linear regression model for changes in PCR as a dependent variable (n=118)

Effect	Regression	95% CI	P-value
Age	−0.2	−0.6, 0.3	0.424
Female	6.7	−2.7, 16.2	0.162
Diseases	0.3	−1.5, 2.2	0.718
Medication	−0.1	−1.3, 1.2	0.918
Dementia	8.5	−0.1, 17.2	0.053
Care dependency	0.1	−0.1, 0.2	0.453
Intervention	−13.7	−22.1, −5.2	0.002
Rural	−14.4	−22.7, 6.1	0.001
Baseline PCR	−0.6	−0.8, −0.3	0.001

Notes: Negative values are indicative for improvements. R²=0.399. Data in bold indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviation: PCR, Plaque Control Record.

Table 3 Linear regression model for changes in GBI as a dependent variable (n=118)

Effect	Regression	95% CI	P-value
Age	−0.1	−0.7, 0.6	0.820
Female	3.2	−16.2, 9.8	0.628
Diseases	−0.5	−3.1, 2.0	0.672
Medication	−0.2	−1.9, 1.5	0.845
Dementia	3.4	−8.5, 15.3	0.572
Care dependency	0.1	−0.1, 0.3	0.166
Intervention	−8.2	−19.8, 3.5	0.169
Rural	−7.4	−19.0, 4.2	0.208
Baseline GBI	−0.7	−0.9, −0.5	0.001

Notes: Negative values are indicative for improvements. R²=0.367. Data in bold indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviation: GBI, Gingival Bleeding Index.

Table 4 Linear regression model for changes in DHI as a dependent variable (n=138)

Effect	Regression	95% CI	P-value
Age	0.1	−0.5, 0.7	0.810
Female	1.0	−9.0, 11.0	0.847
Diseases	−0.8	−2.6, 0.9	0.340
Medication	0.0	−1.2, 1.1	0.982
Dementia	−3.4	−12.7, 5.9	0.470
Care dependency	−0.3	−0.4, 0.1	0.001
Intervention	−20.1	−29.5, −10.6	0.001
Rural	6.9	−1.4, 15.1	0.100
Baseline DHI	−0.5	−0.8, −0.2	0.001

Notes: Negative values are indicative for improvements. R²=0.318. Data in bold indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviation: DHI, Denture Hygiene Index.

Table 5 Linear regression model for changes in CPITN as a dependent variable (n=118)

Effect	Regression	95% CI	P-value
Age	0.0	0.0, 0.0	0.978
Female	−0.2	−0.4, 0.1	0.237
Diseases	0.0	−0.1, 0.0	0.672
Medication	0.0	0.0, 0.1	0.151
Dementia	0.0	−0.2, 0.3	0.803
Care dependency	0.0	0.0, 0.0	0.941
Intervention	0.0	−0.2, 0.3	0.869
Rural	0.0	−0.2, 0.3	0.887
Baseline CPITN	−0.5	−0.7, −0.3	0.001

Notes: Negative values are indicative for improvements. R²=0.263. Data in bold indicates statistical significance.

Abbreviation: CPITN, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs.

KomulainenKYlöstaloPSyrjäläAMOral Health intervention among community-dwelling older people: a randomised 2-year intervention studyGerodontology2015321627223841567

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar