Relationships between FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 polymorphisms and the occurrence of selected metabolic and hormonal disorders in middle-aged and elderly men – a preliminary study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the study group (n=272)

Parameter	AM ± SD	Med	Range
Continuous variables
BMI	28.31±4.46	27.68	18.72–46.7
SBP (mmHg)	130.85±19.13	130.0	90.0–220.0
DBP diastolic (mmHg)	82.43±11.57	80.0	50.0–140.0
TST (ng/mL)	3.68±1.64	3.35	0.9–9.83
FTS (pg/mL)	108.03±61.19	98.48	8.87–423.67
SHBG (nmol/L)	44.57±23.46	41.66	2.74–192.0
E2 (pg/mL)	36.67±22.94	33.85	5.61–120.27
DHEAS (μg/mL)	1.40±0.78	1.32	0.01–3.85
TG (mg/dL)	144.18±80.82	129.50	37.00–609.0
TCh (mg/dL)	211.36±57.99	204.00	95.00–416.0
LDL (mg/dL)	140.52±54.96	134.50	18.00–342.00
HDL (mg/dL)	42.54±12.53	41.0	19.00–82.00
FPG (mg/dL)	106.33±29.44	102.0	63.75–215.0
		n	%
Categorical variables
T2DM		50	18.4
HT		150	55.1
MetS		144	52.9
Overweight		130	47.8
Obesity		77	28.3

Abbreviations: AM, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; Med, median; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TST, total testosterone; FTS, free testosterone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; E₂, estradiol; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; TG, triglyceride; TCh, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; MetS, metabolic syndrome.

Table 2 Genotype and allele distribution in the study group (n=272)

SNP	Genotype/allele	n=272/544 (%)	P-value
FTO rs9939609	AA	60 (22.06)	0.45
	TA	142 (52.21)
	TT	70 (25.73)
	A	262 (48.16)
	T	282 (51.84)
MC4R rs17782313	CC	8 (2.94)	0.33
	CT	91 (33.46)
	TT	173 (63.60)
	C	107 (19.67)
	T	437 (80.33)
PPARγ rs1801282	CC	186 (68.38)	0.13
	CG	82 (30.15)
	GG	4 (1.47)
	C	454 (83.46)
	G	90 (16.54)

Abbreviations: SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; FTO, fat mass and obesity; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.

Table 3 Relations between T2DM, HT, MetS, BMI, and the presence of FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 gene polymorphisms evaluated by means of χ² tests

Variable	FTO			MC4R			PPARγ
	AA + TA, n (%)	TT, n (%)	P-value	CC + CT, n (%)	TT, n (%)	P-value	CG + GG, n (%)	CC, n (%)	P-value
T2DM (n=50)	38 (76)	12 (24)	0.75	23 (46)	27 (54)	0.11	15 (30)	35 (70)	0.78
Without T2DM (n=222)	164 (73.87)	58 (26.13)		76 (34.23)	146 (65.77)		71 (31.98)	151 (68.02)
HT (n=150)	113 (75.33)	37 (24.67)	0.65	55 (36.67)	95 (63.33)	0.92	45 (30.00)	105 (70.00)	0.52
Without HT (n=122)	89 (72.95)	33 (27.05)		44 (36.07)	78 (63.93)		41 (33.61)	81 (66.39)
MetS (n=144)	109 (75.69)	35 (24.31)	0.57	52 (36.11)	92 (63.89)	0.92	48 (33.33)	96 (66.67)	0.52
Without MetS (n=128)	93 (72.65)	35 (27.35)		47 (36.72)	81 (63.28)		38 (29.69)	90 (70.31)
Normal BMI (n=65)	44 (67.69)	21 (32.31)	0.37	21 (32.31)	44 (67.69)	0.36	19 (29.23)	46 (70.77)	0.43
Overweight (n=130)	100 (76.92)	30 (23.08)		45 (34.62)	85 (65.38)		46 (35.39)	84 (64.61)
Obesity (n=77)	58 (75.32)	19 (24.68)		33 (42.86)	44 (57.14)		21 (27.28)	56 (72.72)

Abbreviations: T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body mass index; FTO, fat mass and obesity; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; A, adenine; T, thymine; C, cytosine; G, guanine.

Table 4 Relations between the anthropometric parameters: WC, BMI, and ABP; biochemical parameters: TST, FTS, SHBG, E₂, TG, TCh, LDL, HDL, WC, and the FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 gene polymorphisms, evaluated by ANOVA (n=272)

Variable	FTO rs9939609			MC4R rs17782313			PPARγ rs1801282
	AA + TA	TT	P-value	CC + CT	TT	P-value	CG + GG	CC	P-value
BMI	27.99±4.25	28.30±4.94	0.61	28.62±4.66	27.75±4.32	0.12	27.67±4.09	28.25±4.16	0.32
SBP (mmHg)	130.33±18.99	132.37±19.57	0.44	133.58±20.22	129.29±18.36	0.07	131.45±20.10	130.57±18.71	0.72
DBP (mmHg)	82.08±11.24	83.43±12.53	0.40	83.48±11.61	81.82±11.54	0.25	82.44±11.11	82.42±11.8	0.98
TST (ng/mL)	3.66±1.65	3.73±1.61	0.78	3.72±1.79	3.66±1.55	0.77	3.72±1.79	3.65±1.68	0.77
FTS (pg/mL)	105.60±59.10	115.05±66.59	0.26	114.05±62.52	104.59±60.33	0.22	114.05±62.52	106.22±61.22	0.22
SHBG (nmol/L)	43.50±23.19	47.54±24.15	0.22	44.13±27.87	44.83±20.61	0.81	46.18±21.47	43.83±24.35	0.45
E2 (pg/mL)	35.56±22.82	39.88±23.14	0.17	37.23±22.16	36.36±23.43	0.76	34.66±20.79	37.60±23.86	0.33
DHEAS (μg/mL)	1.37±0.78	1.52±0.78	0.17	1.44±0.84	1.38±0.75	0.59	1.43±0.78	1.39±0.78	0.70
TG (mg/dL)	143.89±77.53	145.00±90.27	0.92	146.95±75.57	142.59±83.86	0.67	142.73±77.39	144.85±82.56	0.84
TCh (mg/dL)	207.30±54.97	223.07±57.14	0.05*	211.57±59.93	211.24±57.03	0.96	215.28±54.86	209.55±59.44	0.45
LDL (mg/dL)	136.18±51.57	153.04±62.48	0.03*	140.93±57.36	140.29±53.71	0.93	144.32±49.37	138.76±57.41	0.44
HDL (mg/dL)	42.95±12.55	41.37±12.47	0.36	42.42±13.17	42.61±12.9	0.91	42.43±12.84	42.58±12.42	0.92
WC (cm)	100.85±11.15	102.53±13.09	0.3	103.91±12.61	99.77±10.86	0.005*	100.5±11.11	101.64±11.95	0.45

Notes:

* Statistically significant. Data presented as AM ± SD.

Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; ABP, arterial blood pressure; TST, total testosterone; FTS, free testosterone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; E₂, estradiol; TG, triglyceride; TCh, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FTO, fat mass and obesity; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; ANOVA, analysis of variance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; A, adenine; T, thymine; C, cytosine; G, guanine.

Table 5 The influence of recessive FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, and PPARγ rs1801282 genotypes on metabolic, hormonal, and anthropometric indices by means of logistic regression

Variable	FTO rs9939609, TT vs AA + TA			MC4R rs17782313, TT vs CC + CT			PPARγ rs1801282, CC vs CG + GG
	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
BMI	1.016	0.956–1.079	0.61	0.957	0.906–1.012	0.12	1.031	0.972–1.094	0.31
SBP (mmHg)	1.006	0.992–1.02	0.44	0.988	0.976–1.001	0.07	0.998	0.984–1.011	0.72
DBP (mmHg)	1.01	0.987–1.034	0.49	0.988	0.967–1.009	0.25	1.00	0.978–1.022	0.99
TST (ng/mL)	1.024	0.868–1.207	0.78	0.978	0.842–1.137	0.77	0.972	0.832–1.135	0.72
FTS (pg/mL)	1.002	0.998–1.007	0.27	0.998	0.994–1.002	0.22	0.998	0.994–1.003	0.47
SHBG (nmol/L)	1.007	0.996–1.018	0.22	1.001	0.991–1.012	0.81	0.996	0.985–1.007	0.44
E2 (pg/mL)	1.008	0.996–1.02	0.18	0.998	0.988–1.009	0.76	1.006	0.994–1.017	0.33
DHEAS (μg/mL)	1.268	0.9–1.786	0.17	0.917	0.669–1.256	0.59	0.936	0.676–1.297	0.69
TG (mg/dL)	1.00	0.997–1.004	0.92	0.99	0.996–1.002	0.66	1.00	0.997–1.004	0.84
TCh (mg/dL)	1.005	1.00–1.009	0.05*	1.00	0.996–1.004	0.96	0.998	0.994–1.003	0.45
LDL (mg/dL)	1.006	1.001–1.011	0.03*	1.00	0.995–1.004	0.93	0.998	0.994–1.003	0.44
HDL (mg/dL)	0.99	0.968–1.012	0.36	1.001	0.982–1.021	0.91	1.001	0.981–1.022	0.92
WC (cm)	1.012	0.989–1.036	0.29	0.97	0.949–0.991	0.006*	1.009	0.986–1.031	0.45

Note:

* Statistically significant.

Abbreviations: FTO, fat mass and obesity; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TST, total testosterone; FTS, free testosterone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; E₂, estradiol; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; TG, triglyceride; TCh, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; WC, waist circumference; A, adenine; T, thymine; C, cytosine; G, guanine.