Functional outcomes by age after inpatient stroke rehabilitation in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study participants

Characteristics	Total N=418	Adults 255 (61%)	Older adults 163 (39%)	p-value
Age in years, mean ± SD	59.9±9.4	47.5±12.9	72.4±5.9	<0.0001
Gender
Male	237 (57%)	143 (56%)	94 (58%)	0.75
Female	181 (43%)	112 (44%)	69 (42%)
Stroke type
Hemorrhagic	347 (83%)	205 (80%)	142 (87%)	0.07
Other stroke	71 (17%)	50 (20%)	21 (13%)
Body involvement
Left	202 (54%)	110 (49%)	92 (62%)	0.024
Right	151 (40%)	98 (44%)	53 (35%)
Bilateral	20 (5%)	16 (7%)	4 (3%)
Discharge setting
To home	406 (97%)	250 (98%)	156 (96%)	0.16
Not to home	12 (3%)	5 (2%)	7 (4%)
LOS, mean ± SD	47.5±31.1	47.0±25.9	48.0±36.3	0.94
Motor FIM score
IRF admission	34.5±17.7	38.0±19.1	31.0±16.4	0.0002
IRF discharge	57.5±22.4	63.0±21.6	52.0±23.3	<0.0001
Change	23.0±15.3	25.0±15.3	21.0±15.4	0.011
Cognitive FIM score
IRF admission	26.0±9.2	26.0±9.3	26.0±9.2	0.78
IRF discharge	28.5±7.7	29.0±7.7	28.0±7.8	0.25
Change	2.5±3.8	3.0±3.9	2.0±3.8	0.09
Total FIM score
IRF admission	60.5±23.1	64.0±24.4	57.0±21.8	0.003
IRF discharge	85.5±27.0	91.0±26.2	80.0±27.9	<0.0001
Change	25.0±16.2	27.0±16.6	23.0±15.9	0.005
FIM efficiency	8.0±9.4	6.0±14.3	4.0±4.5	0.18

Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).

Abbreviations: FIM, functional independence measure; IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; LOS, length of stay.

Figure 1 Percentages of individuals in the functional categories (maximum assistance to minimum to no assistance) at admission and discharge among (A) adults and (B) older adults.

Table 2 Regression analysis of the total FIM scores of older adults with stroke after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation unit

Characteristic	Model 1 (n = 418)			Model 2 (n = 373)
	β	SE	p-value	β	SE	p-value
Constant	85.8	1.35	<0.0001	86.0	4.39	<0.0001
Older adults vs adults	−11.5	2.69	<0.0001	−11.0	2.79	<0.0001
Gender (male vs female)				7.34	2.72	0.007
Stroke type (hemorrhagic vs other stroke)				0.03	0.40	0.94
Body involvement (left or right vs bilateral)				0.50	2.29	0.83
Discharge disposition (not to home vs to home)				−4.0	0.98	<0.0001
R^2	0.042			0.10

Abbreviations: FIM, functional independence measure; SE, standard error.

Table 3 Regression analysis of the motor FIM scores of older adults with stroke after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation unit

Characteristic	Model 1 (n = 418)			Model 2 (n = 373)
	β	SE	p-value	β	SE	p-value
Constant	57.4	1.12	<0.0001	54.1	3.65	<0.0001
Older adults vs adults	−11.0	2.23	<0.0001	−10.0	2.32	<0.0001
Gender (male vs female)				7.0	2.27	0.002
Stroke type (hemorrhagic vs other stroke)				−0.01	0.33	0.97
Body involvement (left or right vs bilateral)				0.91	1.90	0.32
Discharge disposition (not to home vs to home)				−3.0	0.81	0.0002
R^2	0.052			0.11

Abbreviations: FIM, functional independence measure; SE, standard error.

Table 4 Regression analysis of the cognitive FIM scores of older adults with stroke after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation unit

Characteristic	Model 1 (n = 418)			Model 2 (n = 373)
	β	SE	p-value	β	SE	p-value
Constant	28.3	0.38	<0.0001	31.6	1.25	<0.0001
Older adults vs adults	−0.89	0.77	0.25	−0.89	0.79	0.26
Gender (male vs female)				0.27	0.77	0.73
Stroke type (hemorrhagic vs other stroke)				0.04	0.11	0.73
Body involvement (left or right vs bilateral)				−1.41	0.65	0.031
Discharge disposition (not to home vs to home)				−0.96	0.27	0.0006
R^2	0.003			0.049

Abbreviations: FIM, functional independence measure; SE, standard error.