Relationship of quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity with angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in older women

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study groups

Characteristics	Women taking ACEI (n=27)	Women not taking ACEI (n=68)	p-value
Age (years)	73.6±4.7	71.40±4.2	0.03
Education (years)	13.8±3.3	14.5±2.7	0.50
Medications (number)	8.1±4.27	5.2±3.0	0.002
Body mass (kg)	69.2±9.4	68.1±11.6	0.54
Body mass index (kg·m^−2)	27.5±3.9	27.1±4.3	0.47
Fat percentage of body mass (%)	37.9±7.5	37.9±8.4	0.88
PA energy expenditure (SDRPAQ) (kcal·kg^−1·day^−1)	39.2±5.6	39.0±5.0	0.90
PA health-related behaviors (Stanford moderate index)	1.96±1.34	2.29±1.3	0.25
Handgrip strength – left (kg)	23.6±8.9	22.8±7.9	0.67
Handgrip strength – right (kg)	25.5±8.2	24.9±7.8	0.72
Pmax (W)	222±82	228±61	0.18
Pmax(W·kg^−1)	3.2±1.2	3.3±1.0	0.26
υopt (rep min^−1)	66.3±11.9	68.8±9.3	0.29
ADL	5.80±0.29	5.83±0.25	0.62
IADL	7.96±0.19	7.97±0.17	0.85
TUG (s)	7.4±1.7	7.2±2.3	0.27
ACE (U L^−1)	28.0±13.3	44.7±16.3	<0.001

Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; PA, physical activity; P_max, maximum power; SDRPAQ, 7-Day Recall PA Questionnaire; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; υ_opt, optimal shortening velocity of the knee extensor muscles.

Table 2 The influence of ASBMs blockers on muscle function and ACE activity

Selected characteristics	Women taking ACEI (n=22)	Women taking ARBs or ARBs + ACEI (n=12)	Women taking MCRA or MCRA + ACEI or MCRA + ARB (n=10)	Women taking no ASBMs (n=51)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age	73.6±4.7	70.8±4.4	73.1±3.9	71.5±4.4
Hand gripstrength – left (kgf)	24.2±9.8	23.3±7.8	18.1±5.3	23.5±7.8
Handgrip strength – right (kgf)	25.6±9.1	24.4±7.0	22.7±6.5	25.5±7.9
Pmax (W)	217±88	221±52	233±44	230±65
Pmax (W·kg^−1)	3.11±1.20	3.25±0.88	3.38±0.95	3.49±1.05
υopt (rep min^−1)	65.2±11.7	69.6±8.4	67.0±13.3	69.2±9.1
ACE (U L^−1)	27.4±13.4	38.9±12.9	37.1±12.3	46.2±17.5a

Note:

a Statistically different for ACEI group.

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; ASBMs, angiotensin system blocking medications; MCRA, antimineralocorticoid; P_max, maximum power; υ_opt, optimal shortening velocity of the knee extensor muscles.

Figure 1 The relationship between optimal shortening velocity (υ_opt) and ACE activity in women not taking any ASBMs.

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ASBMs, angiotensin system blocking medications; υ_opt, optimal shortening velocity of the knee extensor muscles.