Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among elderly inpatients of a Chinese tertiary hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Admission of elderly patients (N=411)

Disease	Number (%)
Cardiovascular	73 (17.8)
Cancer	9 (2.2)
Gastrointestinal	33 (8.0)
Genitourinary	9 (2.2)
Infectious	21 (5.1)
Metabolic-endocrine	77 (18.7)
Musculoskeletal	7 (1.7)
Neurological	11 (2.7)
Respiratory	149 (36.3)
Other	22 (5.4)

Table 2 Characteristics of participants according to GDS scores ≥6 (N=411)

	Nondepressed (N=276, 67.2%)	Depressed (N=135, 32.8%)	P-value
Demographic
Agea	75.0 (70.0, 81.8)	78.0 (72.0, 84.0)	0.004*
Gender (F)b			0.004*
Female	85 (30.8%)	61 (45.2%)
Male	191 (69.2%)	74 (54.8%)
Smokingb			0.552
Current	34 (12.3%)	13 (9.8%)
Past	78 (28.3%)	44 (32.6%)
Never	164 (59.6%)	78 (57.8%)
Drinkingb			0.122
Current	46 (16.7%)	13 (9.6%)
Past	69 (25.0%)	28 (20.7%)
Never	169 (58.3%)	94 (69.7%)
PE/laboratorya
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	22.0 (19.0, 24.9)	20.5 (18.7, 24.3)	0.033*
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	132 (120, 144)	132 (117, 146)	0.762
Distolic pressure (mmHg)	76 (68, 84)	75 (70, 84)	0.513
White blood cell (×10^9/L)	6.25 (4.8, 8.7)	6.38 (4.8, 9.1)	0.488
Hemoglobin (g/L)	125 (109, 136)	121 (104, 131)	0.063
CRP (mg/L)	6.00 (3.0, 21.7)	7.90 (2.7, 54.4)	0.357
Albumin (g/L)	41.9 (39.2, 44.5)	41.3 (37.9, 43.7)	0.119
ALT (µ/L)	19.0 (13.0, 31.0)	17.0 (11.7, 26.9)	0.061
Creatinine (µmol/L)	70.5 (56.6, 93.1)	77.4 (57.5, 98.7)	0.068
Uric acid (µmol/L)	320.5 (259, 389)	333 (253, 402)	0.543
LDL (mmol/L)	2.44 (1.8, 3.1)	2.39 (1.9, 2.9)	0.939
CGA
Comorbiditya	2 (1, 4)	4 (2, 6)	0.000*
APGARb			0.000*
Good	234 (84.6%)	89 (66.0%)
Dysfunctional	42 (15.4%)	46 (34.0%)
Impaired cognitionb			0.000*
No	218 (79.0%)	66 (48.9%)
Yes	58 (21.0%)	69 (51.1%)
MNA-SFb			0.016*
Normal	30 (10.9%)	4 (2.9%)
Malnutrition risk	158 (57.2%)	78 (57.8%)
Malnutrition	88 (31.9%)	53 (39.3%)
ADLb			0.000*
Normal	129 (46.8%)	34 (25.2%)
Mild impaired	127 (46.0%)	70 (51.9%)
Severe impaired	20 (7.2%)	31 (22.9%)
Frailtyb			0.000*
Robust	66 (23.9%)	7 (5.2%)
Pre-frail	94 (34.1%)	22 (16.3%)
Frail	116 (42.0%)	106 (78.5%)
Outcomes
Hospital lengtha	9.0 (7.0, 11.8)	10.0 (7.5, 13.0)	0.018*
Hospital feea	11,146 (8,719, 14,005)	11,463 (8,555, 15,616)	0.113

Notes:

a Wilcoxon rank test;

b χ² test;

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; ALT, aminotransferases; APGAR, Family APGAR Index; CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; CRP, C-reactive protein; GDS, Geriatric Depressive Scale; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form; PE, physical examination.

Table 3 Factors associated with geriatric depressive symptom according to multiple logistic regression

Factor	OR	95% CI	Wald	P-value
Age	0.99	0.96–1.03	0.051	0.822
Gender
Female	1
Male	0.69	0.39–1.21	1.644	0.200
Body mass index	0.99	0.91–1.07	0.078	0.781
Comorbidity	1.05	0.94–1.17	0.750	0.387
MNA-SF
Normal	1
Malnutrition risk	0.47	0.12–1.81	1.882	0.170
Malnutrition	1.07	0.56–2.02	1.207	0.272
APGAR
Good	1
Dysfunctional	2.01	1.10–3.66	5.191	0.023*
Impaired cognition
No	1
Yes	1.97	1.09–3.55	5.107	0.024*
ADL
Normal	1
Mild impaired	1.11	0.59–2.05	0.107	0.743
Severe impaired	2.04	0.84–4.99	2.457	0.117
Frailty
Robust	1
Pre-frail	1.95	0.71–5.32	1.682	0.195
Frail	5.07	1.95–13.20	11.040	0.001*

Note:

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; APGAR, Family APGAR Index; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form; OR, odd ratio.

Table 4 The association of depressive symptom with prolonged hospital length and hospital expense according to logistical regression

	OR (95% CI)
	Unadjusted model	Model 1	Model 2
Depressive symptom with hospital length	1.64 (1.05–2.57)*	1.71 (1.08–2.76)*	1.73 (1.02–2.93)*
Depressive symptom with hospital expense	1.83 (1.11–3.01)*	1.86 (1.12–3.09)*	1.18 (0.67–2.11)

Notes:

* P<0.05. Model l mutually adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 mutually adjusted for model 1+ CGA (comorbidity + ADL + MMSE+ APGAR + frailty + MNA-SF).

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; APGAR, family APGAR assessment; CGA, comprehensive geriatric assessment; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form; OR, odd ratio.