Indicators of oral health in older adults with and without the presence of multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of chronic diseases/conditions in a sample of Mexican elderly people aged ≥60 years

	Frequency	Percentage
Cardiovascular diseases
No	103	74.1
Yes	36	25.9
Hypertension
No	111	79.9
Yes	28	20.1
Musculoskeletal disorders
No	112	80.6
Yes	27	19.4
Diabetes
No	120	86.3
Yes	19	13.7
Neurodegenerative disorders
No	123	88.5
Yes	16	11.5
Kidney diseases
No	134	96.4
Yes	5	3.6
Mental disorders
No	134	96.4
Yes	5	3.6
COPD/asthma
No	136	97.8
Yes	3	2.2
Visual impairment
No	137	98.6
Yes	2	1.4
Hearing disorders
No	137	98.6
Yes	2	1.4
Hypothyroidism
No	138	99.3
Yes	1	0.7

Table 2 Distribution of various indicators of oral health in adults aged ≥60 years in Pachuca, Mexico, with and without multimorbidity

	Frequency (%)	Multimorbidity, n (%)		P-value
		No	Yes
Functional dentition
No	125 (89.9)	90 (89.1)	35 (92.1)	0.758a
Yes	14 (10.1)	11 (10.9)	3 (7.9)
Edentulism
No	85 (61.1)	68 (67.3)	17 (44.7)	0.015b
Yes	54 (38.9)	33 (32.7)	21 (55.3)
Hyposalivation
No	56 (40.3)	43 (42.6)	13 (34.2)	0.370b
Yes	83 (59.7)	58 (57.4)	25 (65.8)
Xerostomia
No	104 (74.8)	76 (75.3)	28 (73.7)	0.850b
Yes	35 (25.2)	25 (24.7)	10 (26.3)
Root cariesc
No	4 (4.7)	4 (5.9)	0 (0.0)	0.579a
Yes	81 (95.3)	64 (94.1)	17 (100.0)
Severe periodontitisc
No	17 (20.0)	13 (19.1)	4 (23.5)	0.738a
Yes	68 (80.0)	55 (80.9)	13 (76.5)
Age (years)
60–79	68 (48.9)	50 (49.5)	18 (47.4)	0.822b
80–100	71 (51.1)	51 (50.5)	20 (52.6)
Sex
Men	43 (30.9)	34 (33.7)	9 (23.7)	0.257b
Women	96 (69.1)	67 (66.3)	29 (76.3)

Notes:

a Fisher’s exact test.

b Chi-squared test.

c Calculated only for n=85 (presented at least one tooth).