Health-related quality of life in Romanian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and fragility fractures

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of women included in the study

Variables	Osteoporosis (n=228)	Controls (n=136)	P-value
Age, mean±SD (years)	65.5±7.39	63.45±8.16	–
BMI, mean±SD (kg/m^2)	27.05±4.74	30.56±5.40	<0.001
Age at menopause, mean±SD (years)	47.26±4.84	48.35±4.88	0.045
Time of amenorrhea, mean±SD (years)	18.25±8.36	15.08±8.82	0.001
Previous fracture, n (%)	132 (57.9)	–	–
Vertebral fracture, n (%)	94 (41.2)	–	–
Hip fracture, n (%)	10 (4.4)	–	–
Wrist fracture, n (%)	48 (21.1)	–	–
Humerus fracture, n (%)	13 (5.7)	–	–
Current smoking, n (%)	10 (4.4)	6 (4.4)	–
Alcohol consumption >3 units/day, n (%)	3 (1.3)	–	–
Parent fractured hip, n (%)	13 (5.6)	8 (5.8)	–
Lumbar spine (L1–L4) BMD, mean±SD (g/cm^2)	0.851±0.11	1.116±0.15	<0.001
Femoral neck BMD, mean±SD (g/cm^2)	0.751±0.10	0.969±0.21	<0.001
FRAX^®– 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fracture, mean±SD (%)	8.04±4.68	4.34±2.47	0.005
FRAX^® – 10-year risk of hip fracture, mean±SD (%)	2.76±2.97	0.82±1.47	<0.001

Note: Bold text represent statistical significance.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density.

Table 2 Comparison of QoL scores in the SF-36 questionnaire between women with osteoporosis and healthy controls

SF-36 domains	Osteoporosis (n=228)	Controls (n=136)	P-value
	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Physical functioning	50 (40; 55)	55 (50; 60)	<0.001
Role limitation due to physical health	25 (25; 50)	50 (25; 75)	<0.001
Role limitation due to emotional problems	33.33 (33.33; 66.66)	66.66 (33.33; 100)	<0.001
Energy/fatigue	55 (45; 58.75)	55 (45; 60)	0.192
Emotional well-being	56 (52; 60)	60 (52; 64)	<0.001
Social functioning	50 (25; 62.5)	62.5 (62.5; 75)	<0.001
Pain	45 (45; 67.5)	72.5 (55; 77.5)	<0.001
General health	35 (30; 50)	70 (55; 75)	<0.001

Note: Bold text represent statistical significance.

Abbreviations: QoL, quality of life; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

Table 3 Comparison of QoL scores in the QUALEFFO-41 and SF-36 questionnaires between osteoporotic women with and without fragility fractures

Domains	Osteoporosis with fracture (n=132)	Osteoporosis without fracture (n=96)	P-value
SF-36	Median (IQR)	Median (IQR)
Physical functioning	50 (40; 55)	50 (40; 55)	0.306
Role limitation due to physical health	25 (25; 50)	25 (25; 50)	0.741
Role limitation due to emotional problems	33.33 (33.33; 66.66)	33.33 (33.33; 66.66)	0.230
Energy/fatigue	55 (50; 60)	52.5 (45; 55)	0.317
Emotional well-being	56 (52; 60)	56 (52; 60)	0.299
Social functioning	50 (37.5; 62.5)	50 (25; 62.5)	0.314
Pain	45 (45; 67.5)	45 (35; 57.5)	0.035
General health	40 (30; 50)	35 (30; 50)	0.792
QUALEFFO-41
Pain	55 (30; 65)	50 (30; 65)	0.446
Activities of daily living	31.25 (25; 37.5)	31.25 (18.75; 37.5)	0.427
Jobs around the house	40 (30; 55)	40 (20; 55)	0.96
Mobility	28.12 (21.87; 40.62)	28.12 (18.75; 46.87)	0.446
Leisure, social activities	54.28 (30.71; 73.57)	40 (27.14; 56.78)	0.002
General health perception	75 (66.66; 83.33)	66.66 (50; 83.33)	0.105
Mental function	44.44 (30.55; 52.78)	50 (36.11; 57.63)	0.019
Total score	44.48 (39.43; 50.68)	42.34 (36.38; 47.45)	0.05

Note: Bold text represent statistical significance.

Abbreviations: QoL, quality of life; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; QUALEFFO-41, Quality of life questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis.