Sex-related differences in homebound advanced Parkinson’s disease patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline demographics of homebound advanced PD patients

	Total	Male	Female	p-value
Number of patients, n (%)	85 (100)	41 (48)	44 (52)
Median age at visit 1, years	79.6	77.2	79.4	0.41
Race, n (%)				0.41
White	73 (85.9)	33 (80.5)	40 (90.0)
Black	6 (7.1)	4 (9.8)	2 (4.6)
Asian	6 (7.1)	4 (9.8)	2 (4.6)
Hispanic ethnicity, n (%)	13 (15.3)	3 (7.3)	10 (22.7)	0.07
College degree, n (%)	38^a (78)	19 (79.1)	19 (76.0)	0.99
Marital status, n (%)				<0.01
Single	11 (12.9)	3 (7.3)	8 (18.2)
Partnered	2 (2.4)	2 (4.9)	0 (0)
Married	41 (48.2)	28 (68.3)	13 (29.6)
Divorced	6 (7.1)	3 (7.3)	3 (6.8)
Widowed	25 (29.4)	5 (12.2)	20 (45.5)
Residence, n (%)				0.87
Independent dwelling	77 (90.6)	37 (90.2)	40 (90.9)
Assisted living	3 (3.5)	1 (2.4)	2 (4.6)
Nursing home	5 (5.9)	3 (7.3)	2 (4.6)

Note: ^aNumber of 49 patients who reported educational attainment.

Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics of homebound advanced PD patients

	Total	Male	Female	p-value
Diagnosis, n (%)	N=85	N=41	N=44	0.08
Parkinson’s disease	59 (69.4)	27 (65.9)	32 (72.7)
Parkinson’s disease dementia	8 (9.4)	7 (17.1)	1 (2.3)
Dementia with Lewy bodies	4 (4.7)	2 (4.9)	2 (4.5)
Multiple system atrophy	2 (2.4)	1 (2.4)	1 (2.3)
Progressive supranuclear palsy	4 (4.7)	0 (0)	4 (9.1)
Corticobasal syndrome	1 (1.2)	0 (0)	1 (2.3)
Other atypical parkinsonism	7 (8.2)	4 (9.8)	3 (6.8)
Disease severity
UPDRS (total)		85.6	71.2	<0.01
UPDRS-III		49.9	43.7	0.06
Hoehn & Yahr		4.1	3.9	0.22
Inpatient utilization, n
Hospitalizations^a		0.68	0.48	0.23
ED visits^a		0.58	0.50	0.6
Outpatient utilization, n
Neurology clinic visits^a		2.46	2.48	0.97
Missed clinic visits^a		2.10	2.23	0.78
Phone calls^a,b		12.10	10.82	0.53
Email communication^a,b		1.07	1.52	0.60

Notes: ^aIn the past 12 months; ^bwith a movement disorders specialist.

Abbreviation: UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.

Table 3 Caregiver types and presence at visits

	Total	Male	Female	p-value
Caregiver type, n (%)
Spouse/partner	41 (48.2)	29 (70.7)	12 (27.3)	<0.01
Adult child	20 (23.5)	6 (14.6)	14 (31.8)	0.08
Other family member	6 (7.1)	3 (7.3)	3 (6.8)	1.00
Friend	3 (3.5)	1 (2.4)	2 (4.6)	1.00
Part-time home health aide	41 (48.2)	23 (56.1)	18 (40.9)	0.20
Full-time home health aide	18 (21.2)	7 (17.1)	11 (25)	0.43
No caregiver	1 (1.18)	0 (0)	1 (2.27)	1.00
Visits without caregiver, n (%)	30 (11)	3 (2.4)	27 (18.1)	<0.01

Figure 1 Partnerships and caregiver trends in homebound advanced PD patients.

Abbreviations: CG, caregiver; PD, Parkinson’s disease.