Effects of easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, and pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Figures & data

Table 1 Timing of data collection

Outcome Measures	T0 (after consent for study)	T1 (5 mins after commencement of colonoscopy)	T2 (30 mins after completion of colonoscopy)
Anxiety	✓		✓
Pain			✓
Sedative medication requirements		✓
Analgesic medication requirements		✓
Heart Rate	✓	✓	✓
Systolic blood pressure	✓	✓	✓
Diastolic blood pressure	✓	✓	✓
Procedure satisfaction			✓
Satisfaction of pain management			✓

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristic of the participants

Group	Total, n (%)	Music group n (%) / mean (SD)	Control group n (%) / mean (SD)	p-value
Gender
Male	41 (51.2)	21 (52.5)	20 (50)	0.823
Female	39 (48.8)	19 (47.5)	20 (50)
Age, years		57.68 (11.07)	57.68 (11.92)	0.999
Education
Primary school	29 (36.2)	12 (30)	17 (42.5)	0.245
Secondary school or above	51 (63.8)	28 (70)	23 (57.5)
Living
Lived alone	7 (8.8)	5 (12.5)	2 (5)	0.432
Living with families	73 (91.2)	35 (87.5)	38 (95)
Colonoscopy experience
Yes	37 (46.2)	16 (40)	21 (52.5)	0.262
No	43 (53.8)	24 (60)	19 (47.5)
Personal history of cancer
Yes	15 (18.8)	8 (20)	7 (17.5)	0.775
No	65 (81.2)	32 (80)	33 (82.5)
Family history of cancer
Yes	16 (20)	10 (25)	6 (15)	0.264
No	64 (80)	30 (75)	34 (85)
Regular follow up (chronic disease)
Yes	32 (40)	14 (35)	18 (45)	0.361
No	48 (60)	26 (65)	22 (55)
Regular medication taking
Yes	30 (37.5)	13 (32.5)	17 (42.5)	0.356
No	50 (62.5)	27 (67.5)	23 (57.5)
Clinical characteristic
Trait anxiety (T0)		39.00 (7.55)	39.30 (9.19)	0.874

Notes: Independent t -test; Chi-square test were used for this study. T0 presented as anxiety was measured after consent for study group. Statistical not significance when p>0.05.

Figure 1 Flowchart of the study.

Table 3 Summary of study results

Variables	Music group mean ± SD/ n (%)	Control group mean ± SD/ n (%)	p-value (2-tailed)
Heart rate (bpm)
T0	75.05 ± 10.24	77.85 ± 10.34	0.438
T1	69.45 ± 14.83	71.57 ± 13.90
T2	66.63 ± 10.33	71.50 ± 12.93
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg)
T0	126.30 ± 11.20	126.80 ± 10.57	0.937
T1	122.85 ± 21.27	121.92 ± 18.94
T2	120.28 ± 12.72	120.88 ± 18.36
Diastole blood pressure (DBP (mmHg)
T0	80.52 ± 7.48	79.05 ± 8.64	0.891
T1	65.38 ± 15.03	63.65 ± 12.36
T2	74.10 ± 11.48	73.57 ± 11.35
Procedure satisfaction (0-10 cm)	8.57 ± 1.23	7.83 ± 1.91	0.043
Satisfaction with pain management (0-10cm)	8.28 ± 1.46	7.35 ± 2.49	0.045
Use music next time
Yes	39 (97.5)	28(70)	0.001
No	1 (2.5)	12(30)
State anxiety (score 20-80)
Before colonoscopy	37.88 ± 11.47	39.13 ± 10.69	0.615
After colonoscopy	30.80 ± 6.60	30.05 ± 5.91	0.594
Pain (0-10cm)	3.24 ± 2.72	3.37 ± 3.07	0.830
Additional sedation
Yes	6 (15)	11 (27.5)	0.172
No	34 (85)	29 (75.5)
Additional analgesic
Yes	7 (17.5)	14 (35)	0.075
No	33 (82.5)	26 (65)

Notes: Repeated measures of analysis of variance; Chi-square test. Bold values denote statistical significance where p<0.05. T0: baseline; T1: 5 minutes after commencement of colonoscopy; T2: 30 minutes after completion of colonoscopy.