Factors influencing perceived health status among elderly workers: occupational stress, frailty, sleep quality, and motives for food choices

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Characteristics	Mean ± SD or Number (percentage)	Number of chronic illnesses, mean (SD)
Age, years, mean (SD)	72.76 (4.41)
65–74, n (%)	115(65.7)
≥75, n (%)	60(34.3)
Female, n (%)	144 (82.3)
Level of education, n (%)
Elementary school or lower	104 (59.5)
Middle school	37 (21.1)
High school or above	34 (19.4)
Living arrangements, n (%)
With spouse	77 (44.0)
Solitary	69 (39.4)
With children or relatives	29 (16.6)
Economic status level, n (%)
Upper	2 (1.1)
Middle	88 (50.3)
Lower	85 (48.6)
Place of work, n (%)
Indoor	154 (88.0)
Outdoor	21 (12.0)
Number of illnesses, mean (SD)	1.15 (1.12)
Chronic illness, n (%)
None	59 (33.7)
Above one	116 (66.3)
Perceived health status, mean (SD)	3.48 (0.8)
KOSS-SF, mean (SD)	31.49 (11.5)
KFI category, n (%)
Robust (KFI 0–2)	146(83.4)	1.02 (0.9)
Pre-frail (KFI 3–4)	27(15.5)	1.59 (1.5)
Frail (KFI ≥5)	2(1.1)	3.50 (0.7)
PSQI category, n (%)
Good (PSQI <5)	101(57.7)
Poor (PSQI ≥5)	74(42.3)

Abbreviations: KFI, Korean frailty index; KOSS-SF, Korean occupational stress scale short-form; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.

Table 2 Correlations among perceived health status, occupational stress, frailty, sleep quality, and food choice motives for food choices

Variables	Perceived health status
KOSS-SF	−0.195**
KFI	−0.468**
PSQI	−0.306**
FCM-Health	0.236**
FCM-Weight control	0.179*
FCM-Price	0.175*
FCM-Sensory appeal	0.296**
FCM-Mood	0.279**
FCM-Familiarity	−0.002
FCM-Convenience	0.025
FCM-Natural content	0.148
FCM-Ethical concerns	0.141

Notes: *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

Abbreviations: FCM, food choice motives; KFI, Korean frailty index; KOSS-SF, Korean occupational stress scale short-form; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.

Table 3 Factors influencing perceived health status

Variables	B	P-value	SE	β	t
KFI	−0.268	<0.001	0.041	−0.420	−6.485
KOSS-SF	−0.013	<0.001	0.004	−0.195	−3.045
FCM-Sensory appeal	0.188	<0.001	0.051	0.240	3.695
	R^2=0.305, adjusted R^2=0.293, F=25.04, and p<0.001

Note: The model was adjusted for age, gender, level of education level, living arrangements, and number of illnesses.

Abbreviations: FCM, food choice motives; KFI, Korean frailty index; KOSS-SF, Korean occupational stress scale short-form.