Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality in an oldest-old hypertensive Chinese population

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants grouped by ECG LVH

Variables	All participants	Participants without ECG LVH	Participants with ECG LVH	p-value
Number of participants, n	284	247	37
Male, % (n)	26.1(74)	25.9(64)	27.0 (10)	0.90
Age, years	83.0 (81.4–85.2)	82.7 (81.2–85.1)	83.69 (82.7–86.7)	0.58
Current smoking, % (n)	7.7 (22)	7.7 (19)	8.1 (3)	1.00
History of CVD, % (n)	4.9 (14)	4.9 (12)	5.9 (2)	0.70
Antihypertensive treatment, % (n)	48.9 (139)	49.4 (122)	45.9 (17)	0.73
Body mass index, kg/m^2	22.5 (21.2–23.6)	22.6 (21.2–23.7)	22.0 (21.2–23.5)	0.58
Hemoglobin, g/dL	12.1±1.4	12.1±1.5	11.9±1.2	0.23
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L	5.0 (4.3–5.4)	5.0 (4.3–5.3)	5.1 (4.3–5.7)	0.41
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.7 (4.2–5.1)	4.7 (4.2–5.1)	5.0 (4.1–5.3)	0.60
Serum uric acid, mg/dL	4.2 (3.2–5.2)	4.2 (3.2–5.1)	4.0 (3.2–5.3)	0.90
Systolic BP, mmHg	175 (165–186)	173 (165–186)	181 (170–192)	0.05
Diastolic BP, mmHg	85 (78–92)	84 (78–92)	89 (81–93)	0.07
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	102 (84–119)	102 (84–119)	96 (84–118)	0.78
eGFR, median (IQR), mL/min/1.73m^2	55.8 (46.0–72.3)	55.5 (45.6–72.5)	59.6 (48.4–70.1)	0.82
The MMSE score, point	21 (20–23)	21 (20–23)	22 (20–23)	0.38
Heart rate, per minute	71 (68–75)	70 (68–74)	72 (66–76)	0.99
Cardiovascular mortality, % (n)	7.4 (21)	6.1 (15)	16.2 (6)	0.04
All-cause mortality, % (n)	12.3 (35)	11.3 (28)	18.9 (7)	0.19

Notes: The data are presented as percentage (N) for categorical variables, mean ± SD for continuous variables (normal distribution), median (IQR) for continuous variables (non-normal distribution) .

Abbreviations: LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Figure 1 Cumulative survival curves of the two groups (n=284).

Abbreviation: LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.

Table 2 ECG LVH and mortality

	Without ECG LVH (n=247)	With ECG LVH (n=37)
Cardiovascular mortality
Crude HR	Reference	3.04 (1.18–7.83)
Age, sex adjusted HR	Reference	3.58 (1.35–9.46)
Multivariable adjusted HR^a	Reference	4.25 (1.50–12.06)
All-cause mortality
Crude HR	Reference	1.98 (0.86–4.56)
Age, sex adjusted HR	Reference	2.15 (0.92–5.04)
Multivariable adjusted HR^a	Reference	2.31 (0.93–5.72)

Notes: Data are presented as HR (95% CI). ^aModel was further adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, history of CVD, antihypertensive treatment, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid, systolic BP, eGFR, the MMSE score and heart rate.

Abbreviations: LVH, left ventricular hypertension; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration.; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; HR, hazard ratio.