The Outcomes Of Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Removal In Elderly Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic And Clinical Features Of The Patients

Features (n:42)
Age mean+SD (range)	79.1±6.9 (62–92)
Gender (F, M)	25,17
Education year mean+SD (range)	7.9±4.6 (0–21)
Charlson’s comorbidities index	1.4±1.1 (0–4)
Cerebrovascular risk factors n (%)
Hypertension	34 (81)
Coronary artery disease	11 (26.2)
Diabetes mellitus type 2  Hyperlipidemia	19 (45.2) 12 (28.6)
Gait and Balance symptoms n (%)	36 (85.7)
Cognitive symptoms n (%)	26 (61.9)
Urinary incontinence n (%)	33(78.6)

Table 2 Outcome Of Gait And Balance Symptoms

	First (n:42)			Second (n:35)			Third (n:13)
	Before	After	P	Before	After	p	Before	After	p
TUG	23.3±15.1	18.8±9.8	<0.001	29±29.7	21.8±20.4	<0.001	21.4±12.8	19.1±10.8	0.007
POMA_gait	8.3±2.6	9.6±2.5	<0.001	7±3.2	8.5±2.8	0.001	9.6±2.7	10±1.5	0.498
POMA_balance	10.1±4.4	11.5±4.6	<0.001	9.3±4.4	11.5±4.4	<0.001	12±2	13.8±1.2	0.042
POMA_total	18.4±6.5	21±6.9	<0.001	16.5±7.3	20±6.9	0.001	21.6±3.6	23.8±2.4	0.066

Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: TUG, timed up and go test; POMA, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment.

Table 3 Outcome Of Cognitive Functions

	First (n:42)			Second (n:35)			Third (n:13)
	Before	After	p	Before	After	p	Before	After	P
MMSE	21.1±6.3	–		21.2±5.4	–	0.77^a	23.2±5.7	–	0.676^b
FAB	10.0±4.6	10.1±4.7	0.012	10.5±4.1	12.0±3.9	0.553	11.5±4.5	9.6±5.7
NHPT*	31.0±9.5	29.7±6.1	0.008	29.7±6.0	29.7±6.0	0.374	27.3±7.0	25.7±6.0
CDT	3.5±1.5	3.2±1.5	0.102	3.6±1.5	3.4±1.5	0.102
ST-dd	47.6±13.5	41.5±8.2	0.600	49.3±18.4	48.6±15.5	0.398	57.2±23.6	49.9±22.6
ST-e	4.2±3.5	4.1±3.7	1.000	4.3±3.5	4.7±4.3	0.752	3.5±2.3	1.0±0.0
ST-sc	2.7±1.5	1.1±1.2	0.066	2.4±1.6	1.4±1.1	0.593	3.2±2.1	1.5±2.1
BADL	75.3±22.3			72.2±21.4		0.526^c	65.4±30.7		0.789^d
IADL	13.0±6.7			12.4±7.4		0.905^c	13.1±8.8		0.858^d

Notes: *Dominant hand; ^ap for the comparison of before the first and before the second CSF removal procedures (n=32); ^bp for the comparison of before the first and before the third procedures (n=9); ^cp for the comparison of before the first and the second procedures (n=35); ^dp for the comparison of before the second and the third procedures (n=13). Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: BADL, Basic Activities of Daily Living; CDT, Clock drawing test; FAB, Frontal assessment battery; dd, difference of duration in seconds; e, numbers of errors; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-mental state examination test; NHPT, Nine-hole peg test; sc, numbers of spontaneous correction; ST, Stroop Test.

Figure 1 Modified Rankin Scale score distribution of the patients with iNPH.