Diagnosis of Presarcopenia Using Body Height and Arm Span for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Measured Values for the Study Patients with Osteoporosis

Variable	n=55
Age (y)	80.5 ± 7.5
Height (cm)	144.5 ± 7.7
Arm span (cm)	149.0 ± 6.6*
Weight (kg)	48.5 ± 8.9
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.3 ± 3.8
ASMM (kg)	13.1 ± 2.2
SMI (kg/m^2)	6.24 ± 0.85*
Arm span SMI (kg/m^2)	5.88 ± 0.96
Lumbar spine-BMD (g/cm^2)	0.747 ± 0.156
Percentage of YAM lumbar spine-BMD (%)	74.5 ± 14.5
Total hip-BMD (g/cm^2)	0.572 ± 0.092
Percentage of YAM total hip-BMD (%)	68.5 ± 9.9
No. of patients with vertebral fracture (%)	24 (43.6%)
No. of patients with kyphosis (%)	24 (43.6%)

Notes: Values are the means ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05 vs. height or Arm span SMI, respectively, by the paired t-test.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASMM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle index; BMD, bone mineral density; YAM, young adult mean.

Table 2 Prevalence of Presarcopenia Evaluated by SMI and Arm Span SMI

	Normal n (%)	Presarcopenia n (%)
SMI	40 (72.7%)	15 (27.3%)
Arm span SMI	34 (61.8%)	21 (38.2%)

Abbreviation: SMI, skeletal muscle index.

Table 3 Comparison of Variables Between the Normal and Presarcopenia Groups Evaluated by Arm Span SMI in the Normal SMI Group

Arm Span SMI	Normal (n=29)	Presarcopenia (n=11)	p
Age (y)	79.6±7.8	82.7±6.4	0.235
Height (cm)	145.8±6.9	141.1±7.8	0.070
Arm span (cm)	148.4±6.4	152.5±5.6	0.068
Arm span-Height difference (cm)	2.6±6.0	11.4±6.7	<0.001
Weight (kg)	52.7±8.7	47.8±6.9	0.097
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.8±3.3	24.1±3.6	0.573
ASMM (kg)	14.43±1.86	12.28±0.99	<0.001
SMI (kg/m^2)	6.78±0.66	6.18±0.35	0.007
Arm span SMI (kg/m^2)	6.55±0.67	5.28±0.27	<0.001
Lumbar spine-BMD (g/cm^2)	0.774±0.152	0.751±0.188	0.699
Percentage of YAM lumbar spine-BMD (%)	77.1±14.3	74.9±16.1	0.683
Femoral neck-BMD (g/cm^2)	0.601±0.097	0.536±0.078	0.054
Percentage of YAM femoral neck-BMD (%)	72.3±9.1	63.9±9.1	0.013
No. of patients with vertebral fracture (%)	12 (41.4%)	5 (45.5%)	1
No. of patients with kyphosis (%)	12 (41.4%)	6 (54.5%)	0.498

Note: Values are the means ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASMM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle index; BMD, bone mineral density; YAM, young adult mean.