Usefulness of FRAIL Scale in Heart Valve Diseases

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population

Preoperative Characteristics of Patients (n=672)	Values
Age, years*	64 ± 12
Male: men, n (%)	381 (57%)
Frailty syndrome, n (%)	22 (3%)
FRAIL scale,
One point, n (%)	41 (6%)
Two points, n (%)	25 (3%)
Three points, n (%)	15 (2%)
Four points, n (%)	6 (1%)
Five points, n (%)	1 (0.2%)
Previous myocardial infarction, n (%)	58 (7%)
Stroke in history, n (%)	40 (6%)
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	283 (42%)
Peripheral atherosclerosis, n (%)	32 (5%)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	105 (16%)
Hypertension, n (%)	412 (61%)
Current smoker, n (%)	133 (20%)
Hyperlipidaemia, n (%)	222 (33%)
Body mass index, kg/m^2*	27.9 ± 5.928 ± 6
Chronic obstructive airways disease, n (%)	31 (5%)
Chronic kidney disease (GFR< 60 mL/min/1,73 m2), n (%)	196 (29%)
LV ejection fraction, (%)*	57 ± 10
NYHA, classes*	2.4 ± 0.5
Pulmonary blood pressure, mmHg*	43 ± 7
EuroSCORE II*	3.5 ± 2.3
Hemoglobin, g/dL*	13.7 ± 1.7
Red cell distribution width, (%)*	13.8 ± 1.3
Red blood cell count, mln/uL	4.5 ± 0.5
MPV, fL*	11.1 ± 1.2
NT-proBNP, pg/mL*	1803 ± 1194
Hs-TnT, ng/L*	35 ± 29
Hs-CRP, mg/dL*	0.5 ± 0.3
Postoperative characteristics of patients	Values
Aortic cross-clamp time, min*	92 ± 38
Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min*	116 ± 55
Main surgical procedures
AVR, n (%)	281 (41%)
AVP, n (%)	22 (3%)
MVR, n (%)	187 (28%)
MVP, n (%)	119 (18%)
AVR+MVR, n (%)	53 (8%)
AVP + MVP, n (%)	10 (2%)

Notes: Values are represented by the mean* and a measure of the variation of the internal standard deviation.

Abbreviations: AVR, aortic valve replacement; AVP, aortic valve plasty; MVR, mitral valve replacement; MVP, mitral valve plasty; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein; Hs-TnT, high-sensitivity troponin T; LV, left ventricle; NT-proBNP, n-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; MPV, mean platelet volume; NYHA, New York Heart Association.

Table 2 Univariate Analysis of Predictive Factors for the Occurrence of Death

Variable	Odds Ratio	95% CI	p-value
Age, years*	1.008	1.043–1.134	0.0001
FRAIL scale, n	3.522	2.626–4.725	<0.0001
RBC, mln/ul*	0.202	0.101–0.303	<0.0001
RDW, %*	1.383	1.199–1.595	<0.0001

Notes: Values are represented by the mean* and a measure of the variation of the internal standard deviation.

Abbreviations: RBC, red blood cell count; RDW, red cell distribution width.

Figure 1 Areas under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of EuroSCORE II (ES II) and combined model EuroSCORE II + FRAIL scale (ES II + FS) for 30-day survival following valve surgery.