Polish Translation and Validation of the SARC-F Tool for the Assessment of Sarcopenia

Figures & data

Table 1 SARC-F Score

Component	Question	Scoring
Strength	How much difficulty do you have in lifting and carrying 4.5 kg?	None = 0; Some = 1; A lot or unable = 2
Assistance with walking	How much difficulty do you have walking across a room?	None = 0; Some = 1; A lot, use aids, or unable = 2
Rise from a chair	How much difficulty do you have transferring from a chair or a bed?	None = 0; Some = 1; A lot or unable without help = 2
Climb stairs	How much difficulty do you have climbing a flight of 10 stairs?	None = 0; Some = 1; A lot or unable = 2
Falls	How many times did you fall in the past year?	None = 0; 1–3 falls = 1; ≥4 falls = 2

Table 2 Patient Characteristics

Parameter	SARC- F <4 n=53 (79%) W=44; M=9		SARC- F ≥4 n=14 (21%) W=10; M=4		p-value
	Mean	± SD	Mean	± SD
Age (years)	68.08	3.67	75.00	5.11	<0.001
SARC-F strength	0.25	0.59	1.21	0.58	<0.001
SARC-F assistance with walking	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.58	<0.001
SARC-F rising from a chair	0.00	0.00	1.14	0.53	<0.001
SARC-F climbing stairs	0.00	0.00	1.00	0.68	<0.001
SARC-F falls	0.26	0.49	0.86	0.95	0.035
SARC-F total score	0.60	0.86	5.00	1.52	<0.001
HGS D (kg)	22.72	6.55	14.50	5.26	<0.001
HGS ND (kg)	22.30	7.12	13.07	6.07	<0.001
SPPB chair stand test (points)	3.57	0.84	1.29	1.14	<0.001
SPPB balance test (points)	3.75	0.59	1.71	1.38	<0.001
SPPB gait speed test (points)	3.85	0.50	2.00	1.11	<0.001
SPPB total score (points)	11.19	1.58	5.00	3.42	<0.001
Height (cm)	161.03	7.76	164.62	7.62	0.127
Weight (kg)	78.69	13.64	68.01	11.16	0.009
Calf circumference (cm)	36.34	3.48	32.16	2.12	<0.001
Arm circumference (cm)	31.16	3.97	28.90	4.37	0.068
Waist circumference (cm)	96.90	12.94	73.95	6.17	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.30	4.54	25.03	3.34	<0.001
ADL/8 (points)	6.00	0.00	5.29	0.47	<0.001
IADL/27 (points)	27.00	0.00	22.79	3.66	<0.001
MNA (points)	13.92	0.38	12.21	0.97	<0.001
Fat mass (%)	39.02	7.41	39.76	6.68	0.736
Total muscle mass (kg)	26.13	5.32	21.29	4.76	0.003
ALM/ht^2 (kg/m^2)	7.27	1.01	5.54	1.07	<0.001

Note: Statistically significant differences are marked in bold.

Abbreviations: W, women; M, men; SD, standard deviations; HGS D, grip strength of the dominant hand; HGS ND, grip strength of the non-dominant hand; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; BMI, Body Mass Index; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; IAD, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; ALM, ratio of Appendicular Lean Mass over height squared.

Figure 1 Classification of the study participants.

Abbreviation: EWGSOP 2, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2.

Table 3 Internal Coherence of the Polish Version of the SARC-F Questionnaire

SARC- F Item	Correlation	p-value
Strength	0.833	<0.001
Assistance with walking	0.647	<0.001
Rising from a chair	0.735	<0.001
Climbing stairs	0.678	<0.001
Falls	0.625	<0.001

Notes: Cronbach’s alpha= 0.784. The item-total score correlations were analyzed using the Spearman test.

Table 4 Contingency Table Showing Sample Distribution, According to the Polish Version of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the EWGSOP2 Criteria (N= 67)

		EWGSOP 2 criteria			p-value
		Sarcopenia	No Sarcopenia	Total
SARC-F	≥ 4	13	1	14	p<0.001
	< 4	1	52	53
Total		14	53	67

Abbreviation: EWGSOP 2, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2.

Table 5 Criterion Validity Between the Polish Version of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the EWGSOP 2 Criteria

	Se (%)	Sp (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Accuracy (%)	LR+
EWGSOP 2	92.9	98.1	92.9	98.1	97	49.2

Abbreviations: EWGSOP 2, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2; Se, sensitivity; Sp, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; LR +, positive likelihood ratio.

Figure 2 The ROC curve of SARC-F against the EWGSOP 2 criteria.

Abbreviation: EWGSOP 2, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2.

Table 6 Validation Between the SARC-F (Each Domain and Total Score) and Other Related Measurements

Parameters	Strength		Assistance with Walking		Rising from a Chair		Climbing Stairs		Falls		Total Score
	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value	Correlation	p-value
Age (years)	0.342	0.005	0.472	<0.001	0.516	<0.001	0.460	<0.001	0.289	0.018	0.491	<0.001
HGS D (kg)	−0.028	0.825	0.103	0.405	0.127	0.306	0.102	0.412	−0.157	0.204	−0.731	<0.001
HGS ND (kg)	−0.270	0.027	−0.183	0.138	−0.303	0.013	−0.238	0.052	−0.286	0.019	−0.717	<0.001
SPPB chair stand test (points)	−0.497	<0.001	−0.502	<0.001	−0.510	<0.001	−0.506	<0.001	−0.224	0.069	−0.708	<0.001
SPPB balance test (points)	−0.225	0.067	−0.105	0.399	−0.183	0.139	−0.155	0.210	−0.244	0.046	−0.634	<0.001
SPPB gait speed test (points)	−0.540	<0.001	−0.563	<0.001	−0.654	<0.001	−0.583	<0.001	−0.320	0.008	−0.746	<0.001
SPPB total score (points)	−0.310	0.011	−0.260	0.033	−0.408	0.001	−0.312	0.010	−0.214	0.081	−0.708	<0.001
Height (cm)	−0.577	<0.001	−0.999	<0.001	−0.864	<0.001	−0.947	<0.001	−0.056	0.653	−0.071	0.568
Weight (kg)	−0.571	<0.001	−0.993	<0.001	−0.857	<0.001	−0.940	<0.001	−0.053	0.669	−0.354	0.003
Calf circumference (cm)	−0.483	<0.001	−0.831	<0.001	−0.859	<0.001	−0.781	<0.001	−0.203	0.100	−0.541	<0.001
Arm circumference (cm)	−0.091	0.464	−0.031	0.805	0.064	0.608	0.029	0.817	0.272	0.026	−0.270	0.027
Waist circumference (cm)	−0.350	0.004	−0.342	0.005	−0.379	0.002	−0.383	0.001	−0.295	0.015	−0.633	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.492	<0.001	−0.543	<0.001	−0.599	<0.001	−0.566	<0.001	−0.239	0.051	−0.355	0.003
ADL (points)	−0.577	<0.001	−0.999	<0.001	−0.864	<0.001	−0.947	<0.001	−0.056	0.653	−0.647	<0.001
IADL (points)	−0.571	<0.001	−0.993	<0.001	−0.857	<0.001	−0.940	<0.001	−0.053	0.669	−0.641	<0.001
MNA (points)	−0.483	<0.001	−0.831	<0.001	−0.859	<0.001	−0.781	<0.001	−0.203	0.100	−0.642	<0.001
Fat mass (%)	−0.091	0.464	−0.031	0.805	0.064	0.608	0.029	0.817	0.272	0.026	0.084	0.501
Total muscle mass (kg)	−0.350	0.004	−0.342	0.005	−0.379	0.002	−0.383	0.001	−0.295	0.015	−0.456	<0.001
ALM/ht^2 (kg/m^2)	−0.492	<0.001	−0.543	<0.001	−0.599	<0.001	−0.566	<0.001	−0.239	0.051	−0.583	<0.001

Abbreviations: HGS D, grip strength of the dominant hand; HGS ND, grip strength of the non-dominant hand; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; BMI, Body Mass Index; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; IAD, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MNA, Mini Nutritional Assessment; ALM, ratio of Appendicular Lean Mass over height squared.