Effect of physical training on urinary incontinence: a randomized parallel group trial in nursing homes

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the enrolment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and data analysis.

Table 1 Functional status related to toilet habits and according to group among the 68 included nursing home patients

Function class	Intervention group (n = 35)	Control group (n = 33)
Self-reliant	4	4
Need reminder or some help	12	13
Totally dependent on help	19	16

Table 2 Daily amount of leakage (grams) at baseline and 3-month post-intervention adjusted for baseline level, age, sex, and functional status

	Intervention group (n = 35)	Control Group (n = 33)	Between group difference
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean	95% CI	P value
Baseline	576 (465)	424 (379)	152	−54–358	0.15
3-months post-intervention	489 (375)	624 (454)	135	−67–336	0.19
3-months post-intervention adjusted	462	653	191	15–368	0.03

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis with change in leakage as dependent variable (intervention group only)

Covariates	Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	P value
	B	Std error	Beta
Age (years)	−16.145	7.361	−0.346	0.036
Sex (male = 0, female = 1)	326.772	154.880	0.338	0.043
Functional level (need little help = 0, need all help = 1)	−314.326	136.445	−0.359	0.028