Effects of Arch Support Insoles on Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Figures & data

Figure 1 The arch support insole used in the present study.

Figure 2 Single-task and dual-task gait performance with and without arch support.

Table 1 Dual-Task Costs on Various Gait Parameters with and without Arch Support

	Comfortable Walking Speed			Fast Walking Speed
	No Insole	Insole	Insole (1-Wk Follow-Up)	No Insole	Insole	Insole (1-Wk Follow-Up)
Cognitive dual-task gait
Speed %	3.7±13.0	5.4±8.8	6.5±7.4	12.7±10.4	12.8±14.5	12.8±9.5
Stride length %	−1.1±8.1	3.5±7.2	2.7±6.6	3.9±6.6	4.2±10.2	4.8±7.3
Cadence %	4.3±8.1	1.7±5.8	3.7±4.2	9.4±9.0	9.5±10.2	8.5±8.0
Motor dual-task gait
Speed %	14.3±9.2	10.8±10.3	12.7±7.0	16.7±8.7	15.0±11.7	16.3±7.9
Stride length %	13.8±7.3	13.0±7.0	13.7±5.4	15.7±7.4	14.1±9.5	16.7±6.9
Cadence %	1.3±5.3	−2.5±5.8	0.8±5.6	1.9±7.1	1.8±8.3	0.1±4.4

Table 2 Single-Task and Dual-Task Walk Ratios with and without Arch Support

	Comfortable Walking Speed			Fast Walking Speed
	No Insole	Insole	Insole (1-Wk Follow-Up)	No Insole	Insole	Insole (1-Wk Follow-Up)
Single-task gait
Walk ratio mm/step/min	4.86±0.59	4.99±0.67	4.87±0.59	4.73±0.56	4.68±0.77	4.82±0.69
Cognitive dual-task gait
Walk ratio mm/step/min	5.18±0.91	4.91±0.71	4.94±0.77	5.04±0.67	4.93±0.62	5.06±0.80
Motor dual-task gait
Walk ratio mm/step/min	4.26±0.67	4.23±0.52	4.20±0.68	4.10±0.80	4.10±0.73	4.00±0.64