Gait Speed as a Screening Tool for Foot Pain and the Risk of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Basic Descriptive Statistics of the Study Participants (N = 120)

Study Variables	Mean ± SD	Min–Max
Age (years)	71.01 ± 6.77	60.00–86.00
Height (m)	161.78 ± 6.22	148.10–182.40
Weight (kg)	70.29 ± 12.97	47.00–114.00
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	26.79 ± 4.42	18.83–45.09
Gait speed (m/s)	0.95 ± 0.24	0.39–1.50
Foot pain (% of “Yes”)*	53.30%	/
The risk of falls (≥3, %)*	33.30%	/

Notes: *Denotes using percentage (%), p ≤ 0.05.

Table 2 Area Under the Curve of Gait Speed Specified for Foot Pain and the Risk of Falls in the Study Participants (N = 120)

Outcome Variables	Area Under the Curve	Standard Error*	p-value	95% CI
Foot pain	0.80	0.043	<0.001	0.72 to 0.88
The risk of falls	0.83	0.043	<0.001	0.75 to 0.91

Notes: *Denotes standard error under the non-parametric assumption, p ≤ 0.05.

Table 3 Cross-Tabulation Matrix of Gait Speed Cut-Off Value and Foot Pain in the Study Participants (N = 120)

Gait Speed Cut-Off Value	Foot Pain		κ Statistics (p-value)
	No Foot Pain	Foot Pain
≤0.88 m/s	7 (15.20)*	49 (66.20)	−0.49 (<0.001)
>0.88 m/s	39 (84.80)	25 (33.80)

Notes: *Denotes using frequency and percentage (%).

Table 4 Cross-Tabulation Matrix of Gait Speed Cut-Off Value and the Risk of Falls in the Study Participants (N = 120)

Gait Speed Cut-Off Value	The Risk of Falls		κ Statistics (p-value)
	Low Risk (< 3)	High Risk (≥ 3)
≤0.85 m/s	13 (31.00)*	67 (85.90)	−0.45 (<0.001)
>0.85 m/s	29 (69.00)	11 (14.10)

Note: *Denotes using frequency and percentage (%).