The Associations of Serum Vitamin D and Bone Turnover Markers with the Type and Severity of Hip Fractures in Older Women

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Included Patients with Respect to Hip Fracture Type

	Older Adult Patients with Hip Fracture		Healthy Controls (n = 215)
	FN Group (n = 266)	IT Group (n = 175)
Age (years)	77.54 ± 7.53*,^#	82.98 ± 7.41^#	73.63 ± 6.12
Height (cm)	158.20 ± 5.07*,^#	156.55 ± 5.36^#	152.70 ± 6.38
Weight (kg)	55.78 ± 10.02	55.84 ± 12.95	54.07 ± 8.98
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.28 ± 3.88^#	22.79 ± 5.46	23.18 ± 3.62
β-CTX (ng/L)	523.87 ± 336.10^#	565.16 ± 347.66^#	337.08 ± 269.02
N-MID (ng/mL)	15.61 ± 9.04	15.77 ± 9.26	14.93 ± 7.67
25(OH)D (ng/mL)	16.32 ± 8.32^#	15.79 ± 8.82^#	28.81 ± 10.12
< 20 ng/mL	195 (73.31%)^#	128 (73.14%)^#	47 (21.86%)

Notes: *p < 0.05 vs intertrochanteric fracture. ^#p < 0.05 vs no hip fractures. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: FN, femoral neck fracture; IT, intertrochanteric fracture; β-CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen; N-MID, N-MID fragment; BMI, body mass index.

Table 2 Characteristics of Patients with Respect to Hip Fracture Severity

Patients with Hip Fracture (n = 441)	Less Severe Fracture (n = 150)	More Severe Fracture (n = 291)	No Hip Fractures (n = 215)
Age (years)	77.88 ± 7.64*,^#	80.63 ± 7.93^#	73.63 ± 6.12
Height (cm)	157.59 ± 5.26^#	157.53 ± 5.24^#	152.70 ± 6.38
Weight (kg)	56.72 ± 12.24^#	55.34 ± 10.71	54.07 ± 8.98
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.89 ± 5.46	22.27 ± 4.03^#	23.18 ± 3.62
β-CTX (ng/L)	509.79 ± 352.07^#	555.96 ± 334.59^#	337.08 ± 269.02
N-MID (ng/mL)	15.92 ± 10.88	15.55 ± 8.07	14.93 ± 7.67
25(OH)D (ng/mL)	17.67 ± 8.64*,^#	15.30 ± 8.35^#	28.81 ± 10.12
< 20ng/mL	100 (66.67%)^#	223 (76.63%)^#	47 (21.86%)

Notes: *p < 0.05 vs more severe fracture . ^#p < 0.05 vs no hip fractures. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: β-CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen; N-MID, N-MID fragment; BMI, body mass index.

Table 3 Characteristics of 441 Patients with Different Hip Fracture Type and Severity

	FN Group (n = 266)		IT Group (n = 175)
	Less Severe	More Severe	Less Severe	More Severe
Patients (n)	95 (35.71%)	171 (64.29%)	55 (31.43%)	120 (68.57%)
Age (years)	75.68 ± 7.06*	78.57 ± 7.60*	81.67 ± 7.16	83.58 ± 7.47
Height (cm)	158.43 ± 5.46	158.08 ± 4.85	156.15 ± 4.60	156.74 ± 5.68
Weight (kg)	56.22 ± 9.74	55.54 ± 10.20	57.57 ± 15.72	55.04 ± 11.45
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.41 ± 3.86	22.21 ± 3.90	23.73 ± 7.44	22.36 ± 4.23
β-CTX (ng/L)	480.64 ± 345.49	547.89 ± 329.34	560.14 ± 360.80	567.46 ± 343.00
N-MID (ng/mL)	16.07 ± 12.04	15.36 ± 6.85	15.66 ± 8.60	15.83 ± 9.58
25(OH)D (ng/mL)	17.30 ± 8.31	15.77 ± 8.31	18.31 ± 9.23*	14.63 ± 8.41*
25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL	66 (69.47%)	129 (75.44%)	34 (61.82%)*	94 (78.33%)*

Note: *Significant difference between patients with less severe and more severe fractures, stratified by fracture type (p < 0.05, t-test).

Abbreviations: β-CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen; N-MID, N-MID fragment; FN, femoral neck fracture; IT, intertrochanteric fracture; BMI, body mass index.

Table 4 Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Severity of Total Hip Fractures and Hip Fracture Subtype

Hip Fractures (n = 441)
	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.046 (1.019–1.073)	0.001	1.043 (1.015–1.072)	0.002
β-CTX	1.000 (1.000–1.001)	0.180	1.000 (1.000–1.001)	0.292
N-MID	0.996 (0.975–1.017)	0.690	0.992 (0.970–1.014)	0.452
25(OH)D	0.968 (0.946–0.991)	0.006	0.970 (0.948–0.994)	0.013
FN (n = 266)
	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.055 (1.018–1.093)	0.003	1.048 (1.010–1.087)	0.014
β-CTX	1.001 (1.000–1.001)	0.122	1.001 (1.000–1.002)	0.150
N-MID	0.991 (0.965–1.019)	0.539	0.987 (0.960–1.016)	0.373
25(OH)D	0.979 (0.950–1.008)	0.155	0.982 (0.952–1.013)	0.257
IT (n = 175)
	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age	1.035 (0.991–1.081)	0.116	1.035 (0.990–1.083)	0.133
β-CTX	1.000 (0.999–1.001)	0.897	1.000 (0.999–1.001)	0.910
N-MID	1.002 (0.968–1.038)	0.903	0.998 (0.963–1.035)	0.929
25(OH)D	0.955 (0.920–0.990)	0.013	0.952 (0.917–0.989)	0.011

Note: Results are adjusted for age, height, weight and history of hypertension.

Abbreviations: FN, femoral neck fracture; IT, intertrochanteric fracture; β-CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen; N-MID, N-MID fragment; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.