Effect of vascular burden as measured by vascular indexes upon vascular dementia: a matched case-control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic overview of cases of VaD and controls in 205 matched pairs

	Overall (n = 410)	VaD cases (n = 205)	Controls (n = 205)
Demographic
Male (%)	168 (41.0)	84 (41.0)	84 (41.0)
Age in years (SD)	81.9 (7.79)	82.1 (7.73)	81.6 (7.85)
Education in years (SD)	12.3 (3.25)	12.0 (3.35)	12.6 (3.13)
Body mass index kg/m^2 (SD)	26.2 (5.02)	25.8 (4.50)	26.5 (5.40)
Obese Y/N (%)	175 (53.4)	76 (51.4)	99 (55.0)
Lifestyle
Ever alcohol use (%)	394 (76.9)	149 (74.9)	154 (79.0)
Ever tobacco use (%)	223 (55.5)	112 (55.7)	111 (55.2)
Comorbid health conditions
History of stroke (%)	148 (37.0)	133 (65.8)	15 (7.6)
History of TIA (%)	80 (20.0)	66 (32.7)	14 (7.1)
History of CHF (%)	88 (21.8)	60 (29.3)	28 (14.1)
History of angina (%)	130 (32.2)	70 (34.1)	60 (30.3)
History of atrial fib (%)	88 (21.8)	58 (28.3)	30 (15.1)
History of previous MI (%)	78 (19.3)	41 (20.0)	37 (18.6)
History of hypertension (%)	291 (72.9)	161 (80.1)	130 (65.7)
History of diabetes (%)	101 (24.7)	64 (31.2)	37 (18.1)

Reprinted from Takahashi PY, Caldwell CR, Targonski PV. Effect of alcohol and tobacco use on vascular dementia: a matched case control study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:685–691, with permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd.⁷

Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; fib, fibrillation; MI, myocardial infarction; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack, VaD, vascular dementia.

Table 2 Univariable exposure odds ratios for cases of vascular dementia compared with controls in 205 matched pairs

	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
Lifestyle
Obese Y/N	0.72	0.42–1.23	0.23
Ever alcohol use	0.80	0.49–1.31	0.38
Ever tobacco use	1.00	0.66–1.52	1.00
Comorbid health conditions
History of stroke	20.00	8.81–45.41	<0.001*
History of TIA	5.90	3.02–11.53	<0.001*
History of CHF	1.08	0.62–1.89	0.78
History of angina	1.22	0.79–1.88	0.38
History of atrial fib	2.50	1.44–4.32	0.001*
History of previous MI	1.11	0.66–1.87	0.69
History of hypertension	0.87	0.59–1.29	0.49
History of diabetes	2.00	1.26–3.17	0.003*

* Note: Indicates significant value.

Reprinted from Takahashi PY, Caldwell CR, Targonski PV. Effect of alcohol and tobacco use on vascular dementia: a matched case control study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011;7:685–691, with permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd.⁷

Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; fib, fibrillation; MI, myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of five different cumulative indexes for 205 matched pairs of vascular dementia cases and healthy controls

	Odds ratio	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	P-value
Cumulative index
Lifestyle indexa	0.82	0.61	1.11	0.20
Cerebrovascular indexb	12.18	6.29	23.61	<0.001*
Cardiovascular indexc	1.39	1.14	1.7	0.0013*
Vascular indexd	1.50	1.16	1.94	0.0022*
Total score indexe	1.45	1.21	1.74	<0.001*

a Notes: Lifestyle index; risk factors of (1) ever tobacco, (2) ever alcohol, (3) obesity (score 0–3);

b cerebrovascular index; risk factors of (1) history of stroke, (2) history of TIA (score 0–2);

c cardiovascular index; risk factors of (1) history of congestive heart failure, (2) history of angina, (3) history of atrial fibrillation, (4) history of myocardial infarction (score 0–4);

d vascular index; risk factors of (1) ever tobacco, (2) history of diabetes, (3) history of hypertension (score 0–3);

e total score index; risk factors of (1) ever tobacco, (2) ever alcohol, (3) obesity, (4) history of stroke, (5) history of transient ischemic attacks, (6) history of congestive heart failure, (7) history of angina, (8) history of atrial fibrillation, (9) history of myocardial infarction, (10) history of diabetes, (11) history of hypertension (score 0–11).

* Significant.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; TIA, transient ischemic attack.

TakahashiPYCaldwellCTargonskiPVEffect of alcohol and tobacco use on vascular dementia: a matched case control studyVasc Health Risk Manag2011768569122140320

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