Mirabegron Alleviates the Degree of Burden Experienced by Caregivers of Older Females with Mixed or Urge Incontinence: A Prospective Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study Flow Diagram Illustrating the Process of Screening and Selecting Patients and Caregivers.

Table 1 Demographic Parameters and Baseline Characteristics of Participants (P<0.05)

Variables	Group A	Group B	P value
Patients’ characteristics
Age (yr)	73 (13.0)	73.5 (14.0)	0.443
Body weight (kg)	75.0 (16.0)	72.0 (15.0)	0.328
Frequency	11.0 (1.0)	11.0 (2.0)	0.356
Urgency episodes	6.5 (1.0)	7.0 (2.0)	0.384
Nocturia episodes	2.5 (1.0)	3.0 (1.0)	0.157
Incontinence episodes	3.0 (1.0)	3.0 (1.0)	0.407
Incontinence pads	5.0 (2.0)	4.0 (2.0)	0.668
Voided volume (mL)	124.5 (31.0)	111.0 (33.0)	0.643
Caregivers’ characteristics
Age (yr)	58.5 (10)	57.5 (10.0)	0.539
Body weight (kg)	65.0 (14.0)	68.0 (15.0)	0.411
Female gender (%)	81.3 (9.0)	81.1 (9.0)	0.572
Accommodation in the same house with the older patient (%)	64.8 (8.0)	63.2 (8.0)	0.712
Independent caregiver (%)	29.7 (3.0)	29.5 (3.0)	0.427
Symptom duration (yr)	2.2 (0.6)	2.1 (0.5)	0.692
Personal intensity 0–36	23.2 (8.1)	22.9 (7.9)	0.347
Intensity of role 0–28	15.6 (5.5)	15.9 (5.6)	0.293
Deprivation of relationships 0–16	11.0 (3.9)	11.5 (3.7)	0.269
Management of care 0–8	4.5 (1.6)	5.0 (1.8)	0.283
Total burden scale 0–88	54.3 (16.1)	55.2 (18.0)	0.188

Table 2 Urinary Parameters of the Older Female Patients (P<0.05)

Group A Control	Pre-Observation	Post-Observation	P value
Frequency	11.0 (1.0)	11.0 (1.0)	0.284
Urgency episodes	6.5 (1.0)	7.0 (1.0)	0.113
Nocturia episodes	2.5 (1.0)	2.0 (1.0)	0.262
Incontinence episodes	3.0 (1.0)	3.0 (2.0)	0.374
Incontinence pads	5.0 (2.0)	5.0 (2.0)	0.341
Voided volume (mL)	124.5 (31.0)	116.0 (27.0)	0.101
Group B Mirabegron	Pre-Treatment	Post-Treatment	P value
Frequency	11.0 (2.0)	8.0 (2.0)	<0.001
Urgency episodes	7.0 (2.0)	4.0 (2.0)	<0.001
Nocturia	3.0 (1.0)	2.0 (1.0)	<0.001
Incontinence episodes	3.0 (1.0)	1.0 (1.0)	<0.001
Incontinence pads	4.0 (2.0)	2.0 (2.0)	<0.001
Voided volume (mL)	111.0 (33.0)	157.0 (26.0)	<0.001

Table 3 Distribution of the Individual Scales and the Overall ZBS Total Score in Observation Group A (P<0.05)

	Pre-Observation	Post-Observation	P value
Personal intensity 0–36	23.2 (8.1)	24.1 (7.1)	0.275
Intensity of role 0–28	15.6 (5.5)	16.3 (5.2)	0.196
Deprivation of relationships 0–16	11.0 (3.9)	10.9 (3.4)	0.301
Management of care 0–8	4.5 (1.6)	4.9 (1.7)	0.234
Total burden scale 0–88	54.3 (16.1)	56.2 (17.4)	0.323

Table 4 Comparison of Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment ZBS in Group B (P<0.05)

	Pre-Treatment	Post-Treatment	P value
Personal intensity 0–36	22.9 (7.9)	19.6 (7.3)	<0.001
Intensity of role 0–28	15.9 (5.6)	13.2 (5.1)	<0.001
Deprivation of relationships 0–16	11.5 (3.7)	9.9 (3.6)	<0.001
Management of care 0–8	5.0 (1.8)	4.1 (1.6)	<0.001
Total burden scale 0–88	55.3 (18.0)	46.8 (17.2)	<0.001

Table 5 Correlation Between Improvements (%) in Incontinence Parameters and ZBS Domains and Total Score (P<0.05)

Group A Observation	Personal Intensity		Intensity of Role		Deprivation of Relationships		Management of Care		Total ZBS
	rs	P	rs	P	rs	P	rs	P	rs	P
Frequency	−0.101	0.467	0.190	0.214	−0.174	0.205	−0.204	0.139	−0.202	0.137
Urgency	0.197	0.224	0.081	0.671	−0.164	0.218	−0.240	0.135	−0.224	0.127
Nocturia	0.188	0.175	0.147	0.199	−0.166	0.223	0.084	0.627	0.163	0.218
Incontinence episodes	−0.095	0.667	0.128	0.254	0.113	0.345	−0.249	0.089	−0.057	0.714
Pads	−0.103	0.399	−0.105	0.472	−0.106	0.489	−0.151	0.143	−0.192	0.161
Voided volume	0.131	0.512	−0.107	0.562	−0.123	0.464	−0.030	0.851	0.107	0.513
Group B Mirabegron
Frequency	0.112	0.495	0.258	0.092	0.229	0.018	0.119	0.394	0.247	0.121
Urgency	0.049	0.817	−0.008	0.901	0.153	0.301	0.319	0.048	−0.098	0.481
Nocturia	−0.101	0.688	0.301	0.142	−0.165	0.359	−0.122	0.636	0.086	0.613
Incontinence episodes	0.149	0.263	0.307	0.132	−0.014	0.982	0.309	0.014	−0.089	0.611
Pads	0.152	0.388	0.244	0.039	0.098	0.598	0.285	0.041	0.166	0.339
Voided volume	0.159	0.255	−0.170	0.314	−0.114	0.573	0.217	0.133	0.191	0.253

Note: Bold values represent statistically significant results.