Retrospective and observational study to assess the efficacy of citicoline in elderly patients suffering from stupor related to complex geriatric syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1 Study design

1st phase enrollment	2nd phase post-acute	3rd phase conclusion
Step A (5 days) (IV citicoline 2 gr in saline 500 cc)	Step A (21 days) (IM citicoline 1 gr)	Outcome evaluation
Responders → 2nd Phase	Suspension (7 days)
Non-responders → 1st phase step B	Step B (21 days) (IM citicoline 1 gr)
Step B (5 days) (IV citicoline 2 gr in saline 500 cc)
Responders → 2nd phase
Non-responders Stop

Figure 1 Total sample.

Table 2 Characterization of sample group

	Demographics
	Sample group		Control group
	n patients	%	n patients	%
Female	112	56.9	8	53.3
Male	85	43.1	7	46.6
Age (years)	81.5		86.7
Age group
60–69	5	2.5	2	13.3
70–79	78	39.6	2	13.3
80–89	106	53.8	5	33.3
≥90	8	4.1	6	40.0

Table 3 Sample group – comorbidity

Comorbidity	n patients	%
Hypertension	145	73.6
Dementia	73	37.1
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus	57	28.9
Coronary artery disease	35	17.8
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	17	8.6
Parkinson’s disease	15	7.6
Dyslipidemia	5	2.5
Benign prostate hypertrophy	4	2.0
Stroke	4	2.0
Depression	4	2.0
Chronic atrial fibrillation	4	2.0
Hyperthyroidism	1	0.5
Hip fracture	1	0.5
Chronic renal failure	1	0.5

Table 4 Sample group – mean and standard deviation

Assessment scale	1st phase	2nd phase	3rd phase
National Institute of Health Stroke Scale	13.6 ± 4.7*	11.1 ± 6*	11.1 ± 4.6
Rankin Scale	4.3 ± 0.7*	4.0 ± 0.7*	3.7 ± 0.7*
Activities of Daily Living	1.3 ± 1.3*	1.7 ± 1.3*	2.0 ± 1.4
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living	1.9 ± 2.4	2.1 ± 2.4	2.3 ± 2.5

Note:

* P < 0.005.

Table 5 Control group – mean and standard deviation

Assessment scale	1st phase	2nd phase	3rd phase
National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 12	20.2 ± 3.2	17.9 ± 4.9	17.7 ± 5.3
Rankin Scale	4.7 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.7	4.5 ± 0.7
Activities of Daily Living	0.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.7
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living	0.0 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.5	0.2 ± 0.6

Note: P < 0.005.

Figure 2 Sample group – National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) by age group.

Figure 3 Sample group – mean Rankin scores.

Figure 4 Sample group – mean Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores.

Figure 5 Sample group – mean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores.