Pneumonia immunization in older adults: review of vaccine effectiveness and strategies

Figures & data

Table 1 Observational studies related to the effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against all-cause pneumonia in older adults

Reference	Vaccine valency	Study population	VE (95% CI)
Kauffman^Citation22	3	Long-term-care facility residents (80% were aged >60 years) in New York City	92 (72–98)
Gaillat et al^Citation23	14	Residents of 48 long-term-care institutions in France	79 (53–91)
Honkanen et al^Citation24	23	Persons ≥ 65 years of age in northern Finland	−20 (−50 to 10)
Jackson et al^Citation27	23	47,365 Group Health Cooperative members 65 years of age or older	HR 1.04 (0.96–1.13)
Vila-Corcoles et al^Citation25	23	Community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years	45 (12–66)
Johnstone et al^Citation28	23	3415 admitted to six hospitals (83% aged >65 years)	HR 1.24 (0.89–1.72)
Vila-Corcoles et al^Citation26	23	19 participating primary health care centers and laboratory departments of three tertiary hospitals (74% aged >65 years)	46 (25–61)

Abbreviations: VE, vaccine effectiveness; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

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