Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health After Detraining in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia: 6-Month Follow-Up of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST) Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Adapted participant flow through the study.

Table 1 Characteristics of the Participants of the High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Training (HIT-RT) and Control Group (CG) at Study Start and After 18 Months of Intervention

Variable	CG (n=22)		HIT-RT (n=21)
	Baseline	18 Month	Baseline	18 Month
	MV ± SD	MV ± SD	MV ± SD	MV ± SD
Age [years]	79.2 ± 4.7	80.8 ± 4.7	77.8 ± 3.6	79.6 ± 3.6
Body Mass Index [kg/m^2]	24.5 ± 1.9	24.6 ± 2.1	25.0 ± 3.0	24.8 ± 3.0
Total Body Fat [%]	34.2 ± 6.1	32.2 ± 5.5	33.6 ± 4.0	33.5± 4.3
More than two diseases [n]^a	12	13	10	9
Metabolic Syndrome [n]^b	12	12	11	9
Diabetes Mellitus type II [n]	1	1	1	1
Physical activity [Index]^c	4.15 ± 1.53	4.32 ± 1.44	4.45 ± 1.32	4.51 ± 1.27
Exercise volume [min/week]	59 ± 56	54 ± 56	42 ± 52	52 ± 50
25-OHD level [ng/mL]^de	17.5 ± 7.0	29.6 ± 5.8	21.6 ± 8.4	28.1 ± 5.8
Calcium intake (mg/d)^e	833 ± 282	852 ± 266	802 ± 226	827 ± 291
Energy intake [kcal/d]^f	2291 ± 590	2242 ± 639	2155 ± 416	2197 ± 508
Dietary Protein intake [g/kg/d]^f	1.29 ± 0.24	1.25±0.23	1.10 ± 0.25	1.15 ± 0.27

Notes: ^aICD-10 based disease cluster of Schäfer et al³⁸ bas defined by the International Diabetes Federation;³⁰ cScale from (1) “very low” to (7) “very high”³² dRoche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany; ^eAs determined by a Calcium Questionnaire provided by Rheumaliga, Switzerland; ^fAs determined by dietary records.

Abbreviations: MV, mean value; SD, standard deviation; 25-OHD, calcidiol.

Figure 2 Mean values and 95%-CI for changes of lean body mass after training and detraining in the HIT-RT and CG.

Note: *p<0.001.

Abbreviation: n.s., non-significant.

Figure 3 Mean values and 95%-CI for changes of total body fat rate after training and detraining in the HIT-RT and CG.

Note: *p=0.015.

Abbreviation: n.s., non-significant.

Figure 4 Mean values and 95%-CI for changes of abdominal body fat rate after training and detraining in the HIT-RT and CG.

Note: *p=0.007.

Abbreviation: n.s., non-significant.

Table 2 Mean Values and 95%-CI for Changes of the Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score After Training and Detraining in the CG and HIT-RT Group

	CG	HIT-RT	Difference	p-value
	MV (95%-CI)	MV (95%-CI)	MV (95%-CI)
Metabolic Syndrome Z-Score [Z]
Baseline	−3.99 (−2.65 to −5.33)	−2.89 (−1.70 to −4.07)	————	0.355
18-month changes^a,b,c (intervention)	0.63 (−0.07 to 1.33)	−0.87 (−0.20 to −1.53)	1.50 (0.60 to 2.51)	0.001
24-month changes^a,b,d (detraining)	0.62 (−0.11 to 1.36)	0.10 (−0.57 to 0.77)	0.52 (−0.93 to 2.10)	0.441

Notes: ^aChanges from baseline, ^bof importance for the interpretation of the results, negative Z-Score changes can be considered as favorable, ^cadjusted on baseline differences, ^dadjusted on 18-months differences.

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