Functional Status Geriatric Scores: Single-Handed Tools for 30-Day Mortality Risk After Hip Fracture

Figures & data

Table 1 Biodemographic and Fracture-Related Features of Patients

Biodemographic Features				Fracture-Related Features
	Survival	30-Day Mortality	p-value		Survival	30-Day Mortality	p-value
	(n=846)	(n=53)			(n=846)	(n=53)
Gender			0.012	Side of fracture			0.727
Female	74.2%	58.5%		Right	47.8%	52.2%
Age			0.009	Left	45.3%	54.7%
Mean ± SD	86.1±6.7	88.9±6.5		Type of fracture			0.628
Median[IQR]	87[82, 91]	89[84.5, 93]
Grouped age			0.036	Intracapsular	41.0%	47.2%
65–79 years-old	16.7%	7.5%		Basicervical	4.6%	3.8%
80–89 years-old	51.7%	45.3%		Trochanteric	44.2%	41.5%
> 90 years-old	31.7%	47.2%		Subtrochanteric	6.3%	1.9%
Residence (municipality)			0.302	Periprosthetic	3.9%	5.7%
Rural	48.8%	41.5%		Surgical procedure			0.408
Institution-living (nursing home)				Osteosynthesis	57.4%	54.7%
At admission	32.%	30.2%	0.766	Hemiarthroplasty	40.0%	45.3%
At discharge*	54.2%	66.7%	0.225	Total hip arthroplasty	2.6%	0%

Note: *In-hospital exitus are excluded from the analysis.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.

Figure 1 Distribution of the study population represented in an area chart over the different categories of the geriatric scores analyzed: Barthel Index (A), Katz Index (B), Lawton-Brody Index (C), and Physical Red Cross Scale (D). The orange line on the left axis represents the probability of death at 30 days with 95% confidence intervals. The discontinuous blue line marks the mean 30-day mortality rate.

Table 2 Barthel Index and Katz Index Distribution Along the Study Population

		Survival	30-Day Mortality	p-value
		(n=846)	(n=53)
Barthel Index	Mean±SD	73.32±23.34	64.62±23.82	0.008
	Median [IQR]	75 [60, 95]	70 [45, 80]
Grouped BI				0.014
Independent (100)		18.7%	11.3%
Slight dependence (60–95)		57.3%	45.3%
Moderate dependence (40–55)		15.2%	32.1%
Severe dependence (20–35)		7.0%	7.5%
Complete dependence (<20)		1.8%	3.8%
BI Inflection Point (0–55)		24.0%	43.4%	0.002
Katz Index				0.033
A		32.7%	18.9%
B		16.2%	13.2%
C		18.7%	13.2%
D		12.5%	17.0%
E		7.0%	13.2%
F		8.4%	18.9%
G		4.5%	5.7%
KI Inflection Point (A-B)		48.9%	32.1%	0.017

Abbreviations: BI, Barthel Index; KI, Katz Index; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.

Figure 2 Bar chart of the survival and early mortality population for Barthel Index (A), Katz Index (B), Lawton-Brody Index (C), and Physical Red Cross Scale (D).

Table 3 Lawton-Brody Index and Physical Red Cross Scale Distribution Along the Study Population

		Survival	30-Day Mortality	p-value
		(n=846)	(n=53)
Lawton-Brody Index	Mean±SD	3.12±2.7	2.30±2.6	0.021
	Median [IQR]	2 [1, 5]	2 [0, 3]
0		20.1%	30.2%	0.546
1		14.4%	18.9%
2		18.9%	20.8%
3		12.1%	7.5%
4		5.9%	3.8%
5		3.8%	3.8%
6		4.1%	1.9%
7		9.1%	3.8%
8		11.6%	9.4%
LBI Inflection Point (0–3)		65.5%	77.4%	0.076
Physical Red Cross Scale	Mean±SD	1.97±0.9	2.3±0.9	0.011
	Median [IQR]	2 [1, 3]	2 [2, 3]
Full ambulatory capability (0)		3.9%	1.9%	0.141
Slight difficulty – no technical aids (1)		29.2%	18.9%
One supporting point (2)		37.0%	34.0%
Two supporting points (3)		26.2%	37.7%
Wheel chair (4)		3.7%	7.5%

Abbreviations: LBI, Lawton-Brody Index; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.