Glomerular Filtration Dysfunction is Associated with Cardiac Adverse Remodeling in Menopausal Diabetic Chinese Women

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Among eGFR Categorized Groups

Parameters	Normal (eGFR≥90) (n=558)	Mild (60≤eGFR<90) (n=415)	Moderate (30≤eGFR<60) (n=182)	Severe (eGFR<30) (n=76)	r	P
eGFR (mL/min 1.73m^2)	100.3±6.9	77.6±8.8*	46.6±8.5*†	19.6±7.1*†‡	1.000	<0.001
Age (year)	61.7±6.5	69.1±9.3*	70.5±7.4*†	71.2±8.4*	−0.433	<0.001
Menopausal age (year)	49.6±3.5	49.6±4.0	49.3±3.4	49.8±3.1	0.050	0.083
Smoking n (%)	3(0.5)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0.045	0.114
Drinking n (%)	3(0.5)	2(0.5)	0(0)	0(0)	0.030	0.291
BMI, kg/m^2	25.1±4.7	25.0±3.9	24.6±3.9	24.0±3.7*†	0.060	0.036
FPG (mmol/L)	8.8±4.1	9.6±4.7*	9.5±5.6	10.2±4.9*	−0.065	0.023
Hypertension (n,%)	306(54.8)	310(74.7)*	149(81.9)*	60(78.9)*	−0.229	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	140.0±20.0	143.4±20.0*	141.6±24.4	145.7±24*	−0.076	0.008
DBP (mmHg)	72.1±11.9	72.8±14.2	74.3±11.6*	77.9±11.0*†‡	−0.183	<0.001
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	62.0±17.4	69.1±18.1*	68.8±21.7*	73.5±19.4*	−0.201	<0.001
Resting HR (beats/min)	84.9±12.0	84.0±13.0	85.8±14.9	86.4±14.1	−0.053	0.063
CHD (n,%)	40(7.2)	39(9.4)	17(9.3)	8(10.5)	−0.054	0.056
Stroke (n,%)	23(4.1)	36(8.7)	14(7.7)	4(5.3)	−0.043	0.131
TG (mmol/L)	1.9±2.3	1.7±1.4	2.0±1.9	2.1±1.5	−0.025	0.396
TC (mmol/L)	4.4±1.2	4.2±1.2	4.2±1.3	4.5±1.5	0.018	0.544
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.2±0.4	1.2±0.3	1.2±0.4	1.1±0.4*	0.083	0.005
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.5±1.1	2.6±1.0	2.6±0.9	2.8±1.3	−0.028	0.338

Notes: Values presented as mean ± SD or n (%). *p < 0.05 versus normal group; ^†p < 0.05 versus mild group; ^‡p < 0.05 versus moderate group.

Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fast plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHD, coronary heart disease; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2 Comparison of Echocardiographic Parameters Among eGFR Categorized Groups

Parameters	Normal (eGFR≥90) (n=558)	Mild (60≤eGFR<90) (n=415)	Moderate (30≤eGFR<60) (n=182)	Severe (eGFR<30) (n=76)	r	P
RAD (mm)	31.7±2.9	31.9±3.2	32.5±3.5*†	32.8±3.8*†	−0.117	<0.001
RVD (mm)	18.4±1.9	18.5±1.6	18.5±2.1	19.1±2.1*†‡	−0.070	0.012
LAD (mm)	29.0±3.5	29.9±3.9*	30.6±4.0*†	31.9±4.8*†‡	−0.214	<0.001
IVST (mm)	10.4±1.2	10.7±1.3*	11.0±1.3*†	11.3±1.4*†‡	−0.239	<0.001
LVPWT (mm)	10.1±1.1	10.4±1.1*	10.7±1.2*†	10.9±1.3*†	−0.233	<0.001
LVESD (mm)	29.7±3.4	30.2±3.2*	30.3±3.5*	31.8±4.3*†‡	−0.147	<0.001
LVEDD (mm)	46.2±4.1	46.7±4.0	46.5±4.5	47.9±4.7*†‡	−0.088	0.002
LVEF (%)	65.4±4.9	64.7±4.6*	63.7±5.2*†	62.3±6.2*†‡	0.167	<0.001
E/A < 1(n, %)	382 (68.5)	297 (71.6)	136 (74.7)	59 (77.6)	−0.058	0.053

Notes: Values presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 versus normal group; ^†p < 0.05 versus mild group; ^‡p < 0.05 versus moderate group.

Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min 1.73m²); RAD, right atrial diameter; RVD, right ventricular diameter; LAD, left atrial diameter; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E/A, peak early (E)/late (A) filling velocities.

Table 3 Regression Analysis of Parameters Associated with eGFR<60

	β	SE	Wald	P	OR (95% CI)
Age	0.059	0.010	34.935	<0.001	1.061 (1.040~1.082)
BMI	−0.041	0.023	3.331	0.068	0.959 (0.918~1.003)
FPG	0.023	0.016	2.655	0.156	1.023 (0.991~1.056)
Hypertension	−0.356	0.213	2.806	0.094	0.700 (0.461~1.062)
Pulse pressure	0.003	0.004	0.362	0.547	1.003 (0.994~1.011)
HDL-C	−0.417	0.228	3.343	0.067	0.659 (0.422~1.030)
RAD	0.042	0.028	2.312	0.128	1.043 (0.988~1.102)
RVD	−0.120	0.050	5.705	0.017	0.887 (0.804~0.979)
LAD	0.057	0.026	4.795	0.029	1.059 (1.006~1.114)
IVST	0.226	0.102	5.565	0.019	1.026 (0.841~1.253)
LVPWT	0.264	0.115	5.408	0.020	1.302 (1.042~1.627)
LVSD	−0.279	0.121	5.287	0.021	0.757 (0.597~0.960)
LVDD	0.176	0.081	4.773	0.029	1.192 (1.018~1.396)
LVEF	−0.156	0.043	13.185	<0.001	0.856 (0.786~0.931)

Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min per 1.73m²); β, regression coefficient; SE, standard error; Wald, Chi square value; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fast plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RAD, right atrial diameter; RVD, right ventricular diameter; LAD, left atrial diameter; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.