Stentoplasty with Resorbable Calcium Salt Bone Void Fillers for the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fracture: Evaluation After 3 Years

Figures & data

Figure 1 Intraoperative radiological images. (A) Build a working cannula through unilateral pedicle approach. (B) Inflate balloon and push open VBS. (C and D) Adjust the balloon placement and completely push open VBS. (E and F) Remove balloon and inject filler material, then remove working cannula.

Abbreviation: VBS, vertebral body stenting.

Table 1 Clinical Data Comparison in Three Groups

	Group A	Group B	Group C	P-value
Patient, n	14	14	14	1
Mean age, y	67.93±10.22	65.71±11.90	68.21±8.45	0.782
Sex, No. F:M	8:6	8:6	9:5	0.906
Mean height, m	1.66±0.08	1.66±0.07	1.63±0.06	0.550
Mean weight, kg	65.5±7.47	66.36±7.75	64.78±7.00	0.919
Mean BMI, kg/m^2	23.70±1.25	23.14±1.43	24.11±1.88	0.257
Lumbar BDM, SD	−2.21±0.72	−1.99±0.96	−2.15±0.80	0.771
Hip total BMD, SD	−2.31±0.74	−2.16±0.80	−2.13±0.73	0.812
Cobb angle	16.72±10.45	15.74±9.68	12.54±5.85	0.438
Compression rate, %	79.44±16.44	77.03±14.90	76.07±9.77	0.807
Bone filler volume*, mL	3.69±0.43	3.78±0.35	4.04±0.54	0.121
Blood loss*, mL	6.18±0.91	6.64±0.99	7.03±1.39	0.141
Operation time*, min	35.71±5.00	37.64±5.44	36.57±7.05	0.690
Filler leakage^#	1	0	2	0.231
Adjacent vertebra fracture^#	0	0	1	0.325

Notes: *Indicates intraoperative data. ^#Indicates postoperative data.

Figure 2 The clinical and radiological evaluation indicators trend. Three groups were not significantly different from each other for each evaluation indicator preoperatively and at each postoperative follow-up point (P>0.05). (A) AH. (B) Cobb angle. (C) VAS. (D) ODI.

Abbreviations: AH, anterior height; VAS, visual analogue scale; ODI, Oswestry disability score.

Table 2 The Radiological Data Preoperatively and at Each Postoperative Time Point

Time	Group A		Group B		Group C
	AH	Cobb	AH	Cobb	AH	Cobb
Preoperative	2.34±0.62	16.72±10.45	2.25±0.62	15.74±9.68	2.31±0.39	12.55±5.85
Postoperative	2.46±0.62*	14.01±9.41*	2.49±0.62*	11.33±8.69*	2.61±0.43*	8.69±4.15*
1-year	2.40±0.62*^#	14.54±9.97*	2.40±0.54*^#	11.87±8.65*	2.61±0.43*	8.71±4.02*
3-year	2.40±0.61*^#	14.57±9.76*	2.39±0.54*^#	11.78±8.17*	2.58±0.42*	8.76±4.06*

Notes: *P<0.05 vs preoperative values; ^#P <0.05 vs postoperative values.

Abbreviations: AH, anterior height.

Figure 3 A typical case of vertebral height (L1) loss during the follow-up. (A) Coronal image at 1 day after operation. (B) Coronal image at 1 year after operation. (C) Coronal image at 3 years after operation. (D) Sagittal image at 1 day after operation. (E) Sagittal image at 1 year after operation. (F) Sagittal image at 3 years after operation.

Table 3 The CT Value of Inside and Outside VSB at Each Postoperative Time Point

	Group A			Group B
	VBS	Control	P	VBS	Control	P
Postoperative	336.71±41.70	62.29±8.48	<0.01	52.21±9.96	61.71±6.35	<0.01
1 year	233.14±32.45*	61.07±10.00	<0.01	146.79±16.78*	61.21±13.80	<0.01
3 years	136.21±40.15*^#	62.85±14.16	<0.01	139.14±19.04*^#	63.36±11.98	<0.01

Notes: *P<0.05 vs postoperative values; ^#P <0.05 vs 1 year after surgery values.

Figure 4 The evaluation of bone trabecula formation and density variation inside and outside the VBS at 1 day, 1 year and 3 years after operation. (A–C) Group A. (D–F). Group B.