Cardiovascular and Other Competing Causes of Death in Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Male Breast Cancer Patients

Characteristics	No. of Cancer Patients (% in the Overall Cohort)	No. of Death (%)	No. of Alive (%)
All patients	6426	3068	3358
Age at diagnosis
Median age	65
0–34	70(1.1)	18(0.6)	52(1.6)
35–44	324(5.0)	105(3.4)	219(6.5)
45–54	967(15.0)	335(10.9)	632(18.8)
55–64	1683(26.2)	651(21.2)	1032(30.7)
65–74	1746(27.2)	828(27.0)	918(27.3)
75–84	1193(18.6)	784(25.6)	409(12.2)
85+	443(6.9)	347(11.3)	96(2.9)
Year of diagnosis
1975–1984	450(7.0)	429(14.0)	21(0.6)
1985–1994	661(10.3)	570(18.6)	91(2.7)
1995–2004	1545(24.0)	1017(33.1)	528(15.7)
2005–2016	3770(58.7)	1052(34.3)	2718(81.0)
Race
White	5167(80.4)	2504(81.6)	2663(79.3)
Black	873(13.6)	449(14.7)	424(12.6)
Others^a	332(5.2)	111(3.6)	221(6.6)
Unknown	54(0.8)	4(0.1)	50(1.5)
Marital status
Married	4160(64.7)	1872(61.0)	2288(68.1)
Unmarried	1903(29.6)	1050(34.2)	853(25.4)
Unknown	363(5.7)	146(4.8)	217(6.5)
Stage
Localized	2583(40.2)	1038(33.8)	1545(46.0)
Regional	2623(40.8)	1394(45.4)	1229(36.6)
Distant	601(9.4)	496(16.2)	105(3.1)
Unknown	619(9.6)	140(4.6)	479(14.3)
Grade^b
Low	3239(50.4)	1200(39.1)	2039(60.7)
High	2005(31.2)	1018(33.2)	987(29.4)
Others^c	62(1.0)	30(1.0)	32(1.0)
Unknown	1120(17.4)	820(26.7)	300(8.9)
Laterality
Left	3322(51.7)	1566(51.1)	1756(52.3)
Right	3045(47.4)	1461(47.6)	1584(47.2)
One side but unspecified	10(0.1)	7(0.2)	3(0.1)
Paired side	49(0.8)	34(1.1)	15(0.4)
Surgery
Yes	5767(89.8)	2637(86.0)	3130(93.2)
No	605(9.4)	405(13.2)	200(6.0)
Unknown	54(0.8)	26(0.8)	28(0.8)
Radiation
Yes	1669(26.0)	779(25.4)	890(26.5)
None/Unknown	4757(74.0)	2289(74.6)	2468(73.5)
Chemotherapy
Yes	2247(35.0)	896(29.2)	1351(40.2)
None/Unknown	4179(65.0)	2172(70.8)	2007(59.8)

Notes: ^aOthers include American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian/Pacific Islander. ^bLow (Grade I, well-differentiated and Grade II, moderately differentiated) and high (Grade III, poorly differentiated and Grade IV, undifferentiated). ^cOthers include B cell, pre-B cell, B precursor cell, and T cell neoplasms.

Figure 1 Trends in MBC mortality in the US population.

Notes: *APC differs significantly from zero at the alpha=0.05 level. Final selected model: 1 joinpoint.

Figure 2 Proportion of each cause of death in different MBC patient subgroups. (A) Patients at different disease stages. (B) Patients by age group. (C and D) Localized (C) and regional (D) stage patients by age group. (E and F) Low-grade (E) and high-grade (F) patients by age group.

Figure 3 Cumulative mortality curves by follow-up time in different MBC patient subgroups. (A–C) Patients aged 35–64 years (A), 65–79 years (B), and 80+ years (C). (D–F) Patients with localized (D), regional (E), and distant (F) cancer. (G–I) White (G), black (H), and other ethnic group (I) patients. (J and K) Patients with low-grade (J) and high-grade (K) cancer.

Table 2 Age-Specific Cardiovascular Death-Related Standardized Mortality Ratios in Male Breast Cancer Patients

Age Group	O	E	SMR (95% CI)	P value
35–44	7	0.48	14.45 (5.79–29.78)	< 0.001
45–54	41	5.52	7.43 (5.33–10.08)	< 0.001
55–64	123	21.77	5.65 (4.70–6.74)	< 0.001
65–74	251	50.32	4.99 (4.39–5.64)	< 0.001
75–84	252	95.05	2.65 (2.33–3.00)	< 0.001
85+	150	87.69	1.71 (1.45–2.01)	< 0.001
Overall	824	125.16	6.58 (6.14–7.05)	< 0.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; E, expected number of deaths; O, observed number of deaths; SMR, standardized mortality ratio.