Integrating a Prevention Care Path into the Daily Life of Older Adults with Mobility Disability Risk: Introducing a Predictive Response Model to Exercise

Figures & data

Figure 1 Care path description. ^aWhen the participant could not attend the collective sessions.

Figure 2 Participants flow.

Figure 3 Training phases.

Table 1 Odds Ratio of the Selected Model

Predictors	OR ^a	CI ^b	p
(Intercept) ^c	0.80	[0.44; 1.43]	0.459
SPPB ^d	0.42	[0.28; 0.58]	<0.001
BMI ^e	0.82	[0.72; 0.93]	0.003
Grip Strength	1.15	[1.04; 1.29]	0.008
BMI * Grip Strength	0.98	[0.96; 1.00]	0.075

Notes: ^aOdds Ratio. ^bConfidence Interval 95%. ^cOdds. ^dShort Physical Performance Battery. ^eBody Mass Index. Significant interactions (p<0.05) are presented in bold.

Table 2 Population Characteristics at Initial Assessment (n=103)

	Total n=103				Women n=71				Men n=32
Age, y	81.9 ± 5.7				81.7 ± 6.2				82.3 ± 4.5
Weight, kg	70.8 ± 15.0				62.3 ± 14.0				81.0 ± 11.9
Height, cm	159 ± 17.4				157.3 ± 5.8				162.9 ± 30.3
BMI, kg/m^2 a	27.2 ± 4.8				26.8 ± 5.1				28.3 ± 4.0
SMI, kg/m^2 b	–				6.09 ± 1.05				8.43 ± 1.25
RAPA (/10) ^c	2.7 ± 1.4				2.5 ± 1.4				3.1 ± 1.4
Fallers, n (%) ^d	52 (50.5%)				35 (49.3%)				17 (53.1%)
Number of falls per faller	2.1 ± 2.2				2.3 ± 2.6				1.6 ± 1.3
Grip strength, kg	–				15.8 ± 4.2				27.6 ± 7.3
Chair Stand Test, s	14.3 ± 4.6				14.9 ± 4.8				12.8 ± 3.8
Gait speed, m/s	0.91 ± 0.27				0.86 ± 0.28				1.03 ± 0.21
TUG, s	14.5 ± 6.1				15.1 ± 6.8				13.3 ± 4.0
SPPB, /12	9.5 ± 1.9				9.1 ± 2.0				10.2 ± 1.6
Protein needs, g/per day	74.7 ± 11.4				70.2 ± 9.6				85.4 ± 7.7
Protein intake, g/per day	64.1 ± 13.1				60.5 ± 10.1				72.6 ± 15.4
Sarcopenia, n (%) ^e	NS	PS	S	SS	NS	PS	S	SS	NS	PS	S	SS
	38 (50.0%)	2 (2.6%)	11 (14.5%)	25 (32.9%)	23 (49.4%)	1 (1.9%)	7 (13.2%)	22 (41.5%)	15 (65.2%)	1 (4.3%)	4 (17.4%)	3 (13.0%)

Notes: Quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, qualitative variables are expressed as count (percentage). ^aBody Mass Index. ^bEstimated Skeletal Muscle Index by bio impedance analysis (BIA). ^cRapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire. ^dAt least one fall (traumatic or not) within the last 12 months. ^eDiagnosis was possible for 76 participants regarding EWGSOP2 algorithm; diagnosis was not possible when BIA was dysfunctional (n=15), and for participants with both BMI >31 and low physical performance (n=9).

Abbreviations: NS, no sarcopenia; PS, probable sarcopenia; S, sarcopenia; SS, severe sarcopenia.

Figure 4 Prediction related to the selected model.