Development and Validation of 3-Month Major Post-Stroke Depression Prediction Nomogram After Acute Ischemic Stroke Onset

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics in Patients with and without Major PSD at 3 Months After Stroke Onset

Patients	Non-Major PSD	Major PSD
N	594	45
Age, median (IQR, years)	61 (53–68)	63 (56.5–69)
Females, n (%)	132 (22.22)	17 (37.78)
BMI, median (IQR)	24.22 (22.49–26.70)	24.22 (21.75–26.78)
Marital status, n (%)
Single	34 (5.72)	2 (4.44)
Married	560 (94.28)	43 (95.56)
Educational level, n (%)
Junior high school or below	360 (60.61)	36 (80.00)
Senior high school or above	234 (39.39)	9 (20.00)
NIHSS score, median (IQR)	2 (1, 5)	6 (3, 9)
mRS score, median (IQR)	2 (1, 3)	4 (2, 4)
Vascular risk factors and medical history, n (%)
History of smoking	357 (60.10)	19 (42.22)
History of drinking	322 (54.21)	25 (55.56)
History of diabetes mellitus	161 (27.10)	9 (20.00)
History of hypertension	357 (60.10)	23 (51.11)
History of hyperlipidemia	139 (23.40)	11 (24.44)
History of coronary heart disease	55 (9.26)	4 (8.89)
History of stroke	125 (21.04)	7 (15.56)
History of atrial fibrillation	166 (27.95)	5 (11.11)
History of surgery	18 (3.03)	14 (31.11)
Laboratory findings, median (IQR)
Calcium–phosphorus product	29.16 (25.29, 33.25)	29.46 (27.28, 35.00)
Kalium (mmol/L)	3.90 (3.66, 4.15)	3.90 (3.60, 4.24)
Sodium (mmol/L)	140.8 (139.1, 142.0)	140.0 (137.4, 141.9)
Chlorine (mmol/L)	103.2 (101.0, 105.3)	101.7 (99.95, 103.85)
IL-1β, median (IQR, pg/mL)	66.01 (27.37, 133.15)	63.59 (28.17, 174.84)
IL-6, median (IQR, pg/mL)	6.00 (1.83, 13.94)	6.00 (3.06, 9.90)
IL-10, median (IQR, ng/L)	7.30 (3.02, 16.96)	9.74 (3.44, 40.74)
TNF-α, median (IQR, pg/mL))	40.23 (17.56, 61.46)	43.12 (23.77, 60.37)
BDNF, median (IQR, ng/mL)	2.67 (1.54, 5.67)	3.82 (2.19, 7.44)
IFN-γ, median (IQR, pg/mL)	4.34 (2.22, 10.02)	4.42 (1.65, 9.74)
IL-18, median (IQR, pg/mL))	1549.00 (796.09, 6416.13)	1979.36 (931.58, 4432.86)

Table 2 Signifciant Variables Associated with 3-Month Major PSD by Multivariable Logistic Regression

Variables	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Coefficient	SE	P value
Calcium-phosphorus product	1.080 (1.029–1.133)	0.077	0.025	0.002
Age	1.049 (1.013–1.086)	0.048	0.018	0.007
Educational level	0.384 (0.174–0.847)	−0.958	0.404	0.018
History of hypertension	0.446 (0.227, 0.875)	−0.808	0.344	0.019
History of atrial fibrillation	4.416 (1.412–13.810)	1.485	0.582	0.011
NIHSS score	1.149 (1.030–1.282)	0.139	0.056	0.013
mRS score	1.559 (1.127–2.157)	0.444	0.166	0.007

Figure 1 Nomograms predicting 3-month major PSD.

Figure 2 Calibration plots of the nomogram predicting 3-month major PSD.