High Sensory Responsiveness in Older Adults is Associated with Walking Outside but Not Inside: Proof of Concept Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Characteristics (N=26)

Variable	Description
Gender, Female %	65.4%
Age Mean, (SD); Range	70.32, (4.59); 62.0–81.0
Education Mean, (SD); Range	14.19, (2.56); 10–22
SRQ-Aversive score Mean (SD); Range	2.03 (0.36); 1.33–2.65
MoCA total Mean, (SD); Range	24.54(2.72); 17.00–29.00
TMT-B (sec), Median (IQR)	103.50 (83.25–136.50).
Falls in last year frequency, percent of fallers	6, 23.10%
Existence of chronic diseases frequency, percent	15, 57.69%

Abbreviations: MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (higher scores denote higher cognitive performance); TMT-B, Trail Making Test part B (higher scores denote poor performance); SRQ, Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire (higher scores denote higher sensory responsiveness); IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 Descriptive of Gait Associated Variables Under ST, DT Conditions Inside and Outside

	ST Mean (SD; Range)		DT Mean (SD; Range)
Variable	Inside	Outside	Inside	Outside
Speed	1.28 (0.17; 0.97–1.57)	1.34 (0.18; 1.03–1.66)	1.16 (0.20; 0.83–1.55)	1.20 (0.21; 0.76–1.58)
Stride-length	1.36 (0.14; 1.08–1.58)	1.38 (0.14; 1.04–1.60)	1.33 (0.14; 1.04–1.57)	1.34 (0.19; 0.76–1.60)
Stride-time	1.07(0.10; 0.89–1.27)	1.04 (0.09; 0.87–1.24)	1.17 (0.13; 0.96–1.41)	1.16 (0.15; 0.94–1.57)
Subtraction correction response	26.54 (10.77; 6–52)	NA	24.19 (10.37; 2–53)	23.77(8.16; 8–39)
DTC – gait speed	Inside Median: 7.90 (IQR; 0.43–29.28)		Outside Median: 9.48 (IQR: −0.49–35.21)
DTC – subtraction	Inside Median: 6.94 (IQR −116.67–80)		Outside Median: 10.03 (IQR: −83.33–45.16)

Abbreviations: DTC, dual task cost; IQR, interquartile range.

Table 3 Correlations Between Gait Variables, SRQ-Aversive Score Inside and Outside the Lab

Gait Variables	SRQ-Aversive
	Inside (95% CI)	Outside (95% CI)
Speed ST	−0.396* (−.651- −0.092) p=0.045	−0.491* (−.729- −0.204) p=0.011
Stride-length ST	−0.265 (−.668- 0.172)	−0.320 (−.682- 0.119)
Stride-time ST	0.315 (−.058- 0.640)	0.398* (0.043- 0.685) p=0.044
Speed DT	−0.371 (−.642- −0.066)	−0.528** (−.746- −0.310) p=0.006
Stride-length DT	−0.332 (−.717- 0.095)	−0.307 (−.631- −0.006)
Stride-time DT	0.276 (−.108- 0.612)	0.392* (0.157- 0.680) p=0.047
DTC – gait speed#	0.109 (−.326- 0.562)	0.441* (0.114- 0.682) p=0.024
DTC – subtraction#	−0.036 (−.424 - 0.380)	0.144 (−.285- 0.502)

Notes: ^#Spearman RHO *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Statistically significant data are in bold.

Abbreviations: SRQ, Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire; ST, single task; DT, dual task; CI, confidence interval.