Efficacy of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty with stent in elderly male patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the elderly ARAS patients

	Patients	Unilateral ARAS	Bilateral ARAS	P-value
Patients, n (%)	81	45 (55.6)	36 (44.4)
Age, years	76.2 ± 5.1	76.4 ± 5.2	76 ± 4.1
SCr, μmol/L	129.6 ± 56.3	125.7 ± 51.5	133.8 ± 57.9	0.76
eGFR, mL/minute/1.73 m^2	53.1 ± 20.9	54.1 ± 22.4	52 ± 19.5
Systolic pressure, mmHg	155.9 ± 22.8	151 ± 24	158 ± 23.2	0.19
Diastolic pressure, mmHg	79.3 ± 10.8	77.3 ± 11.8	79.8 ± 11.3	0.56
Number of antihypertensive medications	2.28 ± 1.18	2.23 ± 1.25	2.35 ± 1.16	0.79
Refractory hypertension, n (%)	37 (45.5)	16 (43.2)	21 (56.8)	0.21
Degree of stenosis, %	84.5 ± 10.1
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	29 (35.8)	14 (31.1)	15 (41.7)	0.53
Coronary heart disease, n (%)	57 (70.4)	28 (62.2)	29 (80.6)	0.39
eGFR < 60 mL/minute, n (%)	58 (71.6)	31 (68.9)	27 (75)	0.78
eGFR < 30 mL/minute, n (%)	13 (16)	8 (17.8)	5 (13.9)	0.71
Stroke, n (%)	8 (9.9)	4 (8.9)	4 (11.1)	0.62
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	10 (12.3)	4 (8.9)	6 (16.7)	0.29

Note: Data are presented as means ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: ARAS, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis; SCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 2 Blood pressure and renal function outcome

	Patients (n)	Blood pressure			Renal function
		Systolic pressure (mmHg)	Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	Antihypertensive medications	Better %	Same %	Worse %
Preprocedure	81	155.9 ± 22.8	79.3 ± 10.8	2.3 ± 1.1
Postprocedure: 3 days	81	130.3 ± 14.5**	66.7 ± 8.9**	2.1 ± 1.0
12 months	80	136.7 ± 15.1**	69.3 ± 8.7**	2.2 ± 1.0	15	61.3	23.8
24 months	69	137.9 ± 10.2**	70.3 ± 7.9**	2.2 ± 1.1	10.1	65.2	24.6
36 months	47	135.1 ± 14.7**	68.3 ± 10.2**	2.1 ± 1.0	17	55.3	27.7

Notes: Compared with baseline values, **P < 0.01; differences between the values at different follow-up periods were not significant (χ² = 3.585, P = 0.352); no significant differences between any two groups of renal function. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation.

Table 3 Blood pressure and renal function outcome in different preprocedure BP of patients

Patients n, %	Blood pressure (mmHg)			Renal function postprocedure (12 months)
	Preprocedure	Postprocedure (12 months)	Postprocedure (24 months)	Better n, %	Same n, %	Worse n, %
Refractory hypertension
37 (45.7)
SBP	169.6 ± 23.1	139.5 ± 14.4**	145.7 ± 16.2**	6 (16.7)	21 (58.3)	9 (25)
DBP	81.3 ± 14.5	71.5 ± 8.9*	72.2 ± 6.4*
Common hypertension
44 (54.3)
SBP	141 ± 14.4	131.8 ± 14.9*	129.3 ± 12.3*	5 (11.3)	29 (66)	10 (22.7)
DBP	76.4 ±7.4	68.3 ± 7.2*	69 ± 8.2*

Notes: Compared with baseline values, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; χ² = 5.623, P = 0.673, no significant difference between any two groups of renal function. Data are presented as means ± SD.

Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of renal function deteriorating within 12 months postprocedure

Factor	P-value	OR	95% CI
Preprocedural diabetes	0.0234	5.99	1.274–28.128
Preprocedural refractory hypertension	0.6279	1.40	0.359–5.458
Hydration therapy immediately after procedure	0.7632	0.75	0.111–5.018

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 5 Renal function outcome classified with preprocedural eGFR

Preprocedural eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m^2)	Patients, n	Hydration rate, n (%)	Follow-up length	Patients, n	Better, n (%)	Same, n (%)	Worse, n (%)
60–90	23	13 (56.5)	12 months	22	1 (4.5)	15 (68.2)	6 (27.3)
			24 months	18	0	13 (72.2)	5 (27.8)
			36 months	15	0	9 (60.0)	6 (40.0)
45–59	17	14 (82.4)	12 months	17	2 (11.8)	12 (70.6)	3 (17.6)
			24 months	14	3 (21.4)	7 (50)	4 (28.6)
			36 months	10	2 (20)	7 (70)	1 (10)
30–44	28	26 (92.9)	12 months	28	7 (25)	13 (46.4)	8 (28.6)
			24 months	24	3 (12.5)	16 (41.7)	5 (20.8)
			36 months	14	5 (35.7)	6 (42.8)	3 (21.5)
<30	13	12 (92.3)	12 months	13	2 (15.4)	9 (69.2)	2 (15.4)
			24 months	13	1 (7.7)	9 (69.2)	3 (23.1)
			36 months	8	1 (12.5)	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)

Abbreviation: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of postprocedural CIN

Factor	P-value	OR	95% CI
Preprocedural diabetes	0.0069	14.25	2.08–91.62
Preprocedural eGFR < 30 mL/minute	0.0002	457.81	19.83–11381
Preprocedural systolic pressure ≥ 180 mmHg	0.0156	8.57	1.53–121.52
Hydration therapy immediately after procedure	0.0215	0.15	0.01–0.89

Abbreviations: CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.