Effect of Talbinah food consumption on depressive symptoms among elderly individuals in long term care facilities, randomized clinical trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Sampling procedures.

Abbreviations: GDS-R, Geriatric Depression Scale-Residential; MMSE, Mini Mental Stat Examination; DASS, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; POMS, Profile of Mood Stat LTC, long term care; GDS-R, geriatric Depression Scale-Residential.

Figure 2 Study design and data collection.

Notes: Week 0: Baseline assessment, Week 3: End of period 1, Week 4: End of wash out period, Week 7: End of period 2. GDS-R, DASS, POMS scales were scored at weeks 0, 3, 4, and 7. Nutritional status assessments (weight, height, MUAC, CC, and SGA) were done at weeks 0, 3, 4, and 7. Two-day food-weighing record was done once during each period.
Abbreviations: GDS-R, Geriatric Depression Scale-Residential; DASS, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale; POMS, Profile of Mood States; MUAC, mid upper arm circumference; CC, calf circumference; SGA, subjective global assessment.

Table 1 Nutritional value of Talbinah per serving^a

Item	Content	RNI% male	RNI% female
Energy	94 kcal	4.9%	5.2%
Carbohydrate	21.6 g	–	–
Protein	1.2 g	2%	2.3%
Fat	0.2 g	–	–
Ash	0.6 g	–	–
Moisture	1.3 g	–	–
Sodium	3.1 mg	–	–
Magnesium	14.5 mg	–	–
Calcium	12.7 mg	1.2%	1.2%
Zinc	5.2 mg	83.8%	120%
Iron	0.34 mg	2.4%	3.1%

Note: ^aPer serving per 25 g of dry ready to mix formula.

Abbreviation: RNI, Recommended nutrient Intake.

Table 2 Effect of Talbinah on depression, stress, anxiety and mood^a

Scale name	Measure of scores	Intervention group (n = 30)		Control group (n = 30)
		Mean ± SD	P value	Mean ± SD	P value
Geriatric Depression Scale-Residential	GDS-R
	Before intervention	6.6 ± 3.1	0.000^b	4.4 ± 2.5	0.453
	After intervention	3.7 ± 2.7		4.77 ± 2.6
Depression Anxiety Stress	DASS-D
Scale-Depression	Before intervention	17.1 ± 10.5	0.000^b	11.1 ± 5.9	0.053
	After intervention	7.9 ± 7.2		8.6 ± 7.4
Depression Anxiety Stress	DASS-A
Scale-Anxiety	Before intervention	11.2 ± 7.6	0.100	9.2 ± 6.04	0.462
	After intervention	8.8 ± 6.2		8.7 ± 6.8
Depression Anxiety Stress	DASS-S
Scale-stress	Before intervention	13.7 ± 8.8	0.049^b	9.6 ± 6.6	0.268
	After intervention	9.9 ± 7.7		8.4 ± 7.6
Total mood disturbances using profile of mood stat	TMD
	Before intervention	48.5 ± 36.7	0.000^b	23.4 ± 18.8	0.713
	After intervention	25.4 ± 21.9		22.2 ± 17.9
Profile of mood stat-anxiety and tension	POMS-A-T
	Before intervention	11.7 ± 6.9	0.002^b	7.9 ± 4.8	0.678
	After intervention	7.9 ± 4.8		7.5 ± 5.2
Profile of mood stat-depression and dejection	POMS D-D
	Before intervention	19.5 ± 10.1	0.001^b	10.6 ± 6.4	0.697
	After intervention	10.0 ± 7.1		9.4 ± 5.9
Profile of mood stat-anger and hostility	POMS A-H
	Before intervention	11.3 ± 7.8	0.000^b	6.9 ± 5.3	0.330
	After intervention	5.1 ± 3.8		8.1 ± 6.4
Profile of mood stat-vigor	POMS V
	Before intervention	13.1 ± 5.8	0.707	13.8 ± 5.1	0.187
	After intervention	12.4 ± 4.3		12.6 ± 3.2
Profile of mood stat-fatigue	POMS F
	Before intervention	9.8 ± 4.7	0.005^b	5.3 ± 3.6	0.321
	After intervention	6.4 ± 3.7		6.4 ± 4.3
Profile of mood stat-confusion and bewilderment	POMS C-B
	Before intervention	9.1 ± 4.2	0.002^b	6.8 ± 4.3	0.412
	After intervention	6.2 ± 2.8		6.3 ± 3.4

Notes: ^aUsing paired Wilcoxon test; ^bP < 0.05 significant.