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Clinical Interventions in Aging Volume 18, 2023 - Issue
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Protein-Added Healthy Lunch-Boxes Combined with Exercise for Improving Physical Fitness and Vascular Function in Pre-Frail Older Women: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial

Wonil Park1 Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea;2 Physical Education Laboratory, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
,
Jaesung Lee1 Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
,
Kwangseok Hong3 Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
,
Hun-Young Park4 Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea;5 Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-7624
ORCID Icon,
Saejong Park6 Department of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, South Korea
,
Nahyun Kim1 Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
&
Jonghoon Park1 Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaCorrespondence[email protected]
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Pages 13-27 | Received 11 Oct 2022, Accepted 03 Jan 2023, Published online: 05 Jan 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1 CONSORT (Consolidated of Standards of Reporting Trials) flow diagram.

Abbreviations: CG, control group; DG, diet group; ADG, aerobic exercise and diet group; AEDG, aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation and diet group.
Figure 1 CONSORT (Consolidated of Standards of Reporting Trials) flow diagram.

Figure 2 Study design.

Abbreviations: CG, control group; DG, diet group; ADG, aerobic exercise and diet group; AEDG, aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation and diet group.
Figure 2 Study design.

Table 1 Selected Participant Characteristics

Table 2 Changes in Frailty Status Before and After the 8-Week Intervention Period

Table 3 Changes in Macro-Nutrition Components Before and After the 8-Week Intervention Period

Table 4 Changes in Physical Fitness Before and After the 8-Week Intervention Period

Table 5 Changes in Blood Pressure Before and After the 8-Week Intervention Period

Table 6 Changes in Biomarkers Before and After the 8-Week Intervention Period

Figure 3 Change in arterial stiffness as assessed by (A) brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and (B) endothelium-dependent vasodilation as assessed by brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after the 8-week intervention period. Data are expressed as means ± SD. *** p < 0.001 vs before intervention.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; CG, control group; DG, diet group; ADG, aerobic exercise and diet group; AEDG, aerobic exercise with electromyostimulation and diet group.
Figure 3 Change in arterial stiffness as assessed by (A) brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and (B) endothelium-dependent vasodilation as assessed by brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after the 8-week intervention period. Data are expressed as means ± SD. *** p < 0.001 vs before intervention.

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