Figures & data
Figure 1 Symptom progression in Alzheimer’s disease.
Note: Modified from Feldman HH, Woodward M. The staging and assessment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 2005;65:S10–S17. With permission from Wolters Kluwer Health.Citation4Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; BADL, basic activities of daily living.
Table 1 Language impairments in Alzheimer’s dementia
Figure 2 Effect of donepezil 23 mg/day on language function after 24 weeks of treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Mean change in LS from baseline to week 24 in SIB-L scores (A) and 21-item SIB-derived language subscale scores (B).
Note: ©2011 Springer. Reproduced with permission from Ferris SH, Schmitt FA, Saxton J, et al. Analyzing the impact of 23 mg/day donepezil on language dysfunction in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2011;3(3):22.Citation31Abbreviations: LS, least squares; SIB-L, Severe Impairment Battery language scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SE, standard error of the mean.
Figure 3 Effect of rivastigmine on language function after 26 weeks of treatment in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
Notes: Mean changes from baseline on ADAS-cog subscale scores at week 26 (intention-to-treat population). *P < 0.0001; †P < 0.001 versus placebo; ‡P < 0.001 versus 1 to 4 mg/day rivastigmine capsule.Reproduced from Farlow MR, Cummings JL, Olin JT, Meng X. Effects of oral rivastigmine on cognitive domains in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2010;25(4):347–352. With permission from Sage publications.Citation39Abbreviation: ADAS-cog, cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale.
Figure 4 Effect of galantamine on language function after 26 weeks of treatment in patients with severe Alzheimer’s disease.
Notes: Change from baseline in SIB subscale scores at week 26 in intention-to-treat population. Bars indicate 95% confidence interval for comparison with baseline. *P = 0.006; †P = 0.010; ‡P = 0.002 versus placebo.Reproduced from Burns A, Bernabei R, Bullock R, et al. Safety and efficacy of galantamine (Reminyl) in severe Alzheimer’s disease (the SERAD study): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet Neurol 2009;8(1):39–47. With permission from Elsevier Ltd.Citation38Abbreviation: SIB, Severe Impairment Battery.
